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Just ask any new parent: Adding a baby to a household can
also add stress to a career. Now, a new study backs that up with some astonishing
numbers: After science, technology, engineering, and mathematics(STEM)professionals become parents,
43%of women and 23%
of men switch fields, transition(转变)to
part-time work, or leave the workforce entirely.
Many researchers and parents already knew that STEM can be
unwelcoming to parents, particularly mothers. But" the
considerable departure was astonishing, "says Erin Cech,
an assistant
professor of sociology at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and lead
author of the study, published in the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences. For both genders, "the proportions were higher than
we expected."
The surprisingly high reduction rate for men also highlights
that" parenthood in STEM is not just a mothers' issue;
it's a worker issue,
"Cech says.
She hopes that the findings" might motivate changes,
"such as more
paid parental leave from both government and employers and policies that better
support flexible work time without a tight routine. "We are not suggesting
that people who want families should avoid STEM; that's not the solution," she emphasizes.
By 2018, 78% of new fathers were still working
in STEM, the vast majority full time. For new mothers,
68% were still in
STEM, but only 57% worked full time. For professionals without
children, on the other hand, 84% of men and 76% of women were
predicted to still be working in STEM full time in 2018. For the new parents
across all fields, 16% of women were working part-time and
15% had left the workforce, as compared with just 2% and 3%,
respectively,
for men. These
sharp differences make clear that, even though the reduction rate for
fathers is higher than expected, mothers still face particular career
challenges.