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题型:任务型阅读 题类:真题 难易度:困难

2015年高考英语真题试卷(江苏卷)

阅读理解请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
    People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
    In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.
    News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
    News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
    For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
What news stories do you read?
Division of news stories● People expect to getfrom reading news.
● News stories are roughly divided into two classes.
● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won't.
ofthe two classes● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual .
● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories andsimilar feelings with those involved.
●  News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a to them.
●  News of delayed reward will induce the reader to for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to from the reality.
Unstable boundaries of the two classes●  What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their.
●  Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and themselves to the reality.
●  Thus, the division, on the whole,on the reader.
举一反三
任务型阅读

    Anything that poses a challenge or a threat to our well-being is a stress.Some stresses get you going and they are good for you – without any stress at all many say our lives would be boring and would probably feel pointless. However,when the stresses undermine both our mental and physical health they are bad.In this text we shall be focusing on stress that is bad for you.

When we are stressed the following happens:

Blood pressure rises

Breathing becomes more rapid

Heart rate (pulse) rises

Muscles become tense

We do not sleep (heightened state of alertness)

    Most of us have varying interpretations of what stress is about and what matters.Some of us focus on what happens to us,such as breaking a bone or getting a promotion,while others think more about the event itself.How you see that stressful event will be the largest single factor that impacts on your physical and mental health.Your interpretation of event and challenges in life may decide whether they are invigorating or harmful for you.

    There are three broad methods you can follow to treat stress.

Self help for treating stress

    Exercise has been proven to have a beneficial effect on a person's mental and physical state.For many people exercise is an extremely useful stress buster.

    Alcohol and drugs will not help you manage your stress better.Either stop consuming them completely,or cut down.

    If you consumption of coffee and other drinks which contain caffeine is high,cut down.

    Eat plenty of fruit and vegetable.Make sure you have a healthy and balanced diet.

    Talk to your family,friends,work colleagues and your boss.Express your thoughts and worries.

Stress management techniques

    Stress management can help you t keep away from the source of stress,change the way you view a stressful event,and lower the impact that stress might have on your body.Stress management therapy will have the objective of pursuing one or more of these approaches.

Medicines

    Doctors will not usually prescribe medications for coping with stress,unless the patient has an underlying illness,such as depression or some type of anxiety.If that is the case,the doctor is actually treating a mental illness.In such cases,an antidepressant may be prescribed.Bear in mind that there is a risk that all the medication will do is mask the stress,rather than help you deal and cope with it.

Stress

Passage outline

Supporting details

Understanding of stress

• Stress is pressure or worry {#blank#}1{#/blank#}by the stressors in your life.

• Some stresses{#blank#}2{#/blank#} you while some others make you suffer.

{#blank#}3{#/blank#} of stress

• You have {#blank#}4{#/blank#}blood pressure.

• Your heart{#blank#}5{#/blank#} faster.

• Your become sleepless.

• Your breath and muscles are abnormal.

Attitudes towards stress

• You care about what concerns{#blank#}6{#/blank#}

• You pay attention to what is{#blank#}7{#/blank#} around you.

• Above all,how you look at challenges affects your health.

Ways to deal with stress

• Exercise, a proper diet, communication help to {#blank#}8{#/blank#} your stress while alcohol,drugs and coffee do not.

• Stress management guides you how to {#blank#}9{#/blank#} and reduce stress.

• Medicines can be used to treat a mental illness but cannot solve the problem {#blank#}10{#/blank#}

任务型阅读

    It's said that people travel to see the world. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} You walk down different streets, hear different accents, and see different views. All of this is a great way to absorb a new location and learn as much as you can.

    But there's another reason why people travel to experience something new. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} So what kind of person are you? To tell the truth, you'll learn about yourself no matter where you go.

    If you're a bookworm: Anyone studying English literature will love being on the soil of where such rich literary tradition was born. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Maybe you'll run into one of your favorite characters during the trip.

    If you're a Disney princess fan: Head over to Prague and you'll find the setting of every fairy tale you've ever dreamed of. Prague's study abroad programs are in English and are flexible.

    If you're a history lover: {#blank#}4{#/blank#}Sure, that's a lot of places. But you've never felt quite as absorbed in the ancient world as walking around Athens and Rome.

    If you're an adventure seeker: Consider going to Australia.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}

    If you're indecisive: Just choose them all and take a Semester at Sea. You'll have your classes on a ship as it sails around the world, making stops at 15 cities in 11 countries.

A. And we hope to learn about ourselves in this newness.

B. Visiting a new place will change the way of living.

C. There are countryside tours connected to novels.

D. Just a day-long trip is an adventure in itself.

E. Go somewhere where history comes alive.

F. And you do see the world when traveling.

G. History always makes men wise

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    The most successful people all have certain habits in their daily routines. These habits help contribute to their success. Forming a new good habit can be a struggle, but it is well worth the effort. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Set your goal. Before you can begin to work on your new habit, figure out exactly what you hope to accomplish. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Make sure that your goal is specific, measurable and realistic to increase your chances of success.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Choosing the habits that are most likely to help you achieve your goal is important. After you have set your goal and worked out all the specifics of achieving that goal, identify a habit that is part of achieving that goal. Consider what good habit would help you accomplish that goal.

    Consider your motivation. Once you have identified your goal and the new habit you need to accomplish this goal, take some time to consider your motivation. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Good motivation can be the difference between success and failure in terms of forming a new habit. So take your time to consider your motivation.

    Give yourself time. Forming a new habit can take a long time. Some people can form a new habit in as little as a few weeks, while other people will take several months. As you work to form your new habit, just keep in mind that it may be a while before it comes true. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

A. Identify ways to achieve goals.

B. Find the habit you want to form.

C. Good habits are sure to make you a success.

D. Here are the four steps you can follow to form good habits.

E. It is worthwhile to consider your goal.

F. Try to be patient with yourself as you form your new habit.

G. Your motivation is the reason you want to form this new habit.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    If you travel, you will leave a carbon footprint in your wake. You can't help it. But eco-friendly travel practices can lighten the harm on Mother Earth. Green travel is not a passing trend but a lifestyle choice. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}.

    Choosing a green destination

    No destination is a Green Giant. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}. However, some countries and cities show a deep commitment to Earth-friendly policies and practices. When researching a vacation spot, look for places that naturally embrace the green lifestyle.

    Choosing green transportation

    What makes Mother Earth proud? Seeing you use your own power to get around. Many adventure tour operators arrange cycling, hiking and walking holidays. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. The greenest rides typically run on electric power. Switzerland is taking the lead with its hybrid buses and trains powered by hydroelectricity; Japan is running close behind.

    Choosing a green hotel

    Once you are at your destination, if you can get the hotel right, you can make the greatest impact. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. Look for a fact sheet online, or call the front desk. You can also search for hotels approved by respected certification programs, such as Green Key and the Global Sustainable Tourism Council.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#}.

    The Earth-friendly choices are numerous: You can sail, bike, kayak, bike, swim, bird-watch and play I-spy-a-monkey in a tree. Visit a local food market, and don't forget to bring a reusable bag for purchases. You can also lend a hand during your holiday. The green movement has changed from how to preserve and protect to how to use less and do good when you're there.

A. Choosing green travel

B. Choosing green activities

C. Next in line are trains and buses

D. They all make environmental missteps

E. Most major chains operate in-house green program

F. If you plan to drive, consider a fuel-efficient vehicle

G. Follow the tips and watch your footprints turn greener

Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Are You Treated Too Nicely?

    A new study found that when trying to build high self-esteem in children, parents may unconsciously be creating little narcissists (自恋狂). {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Parents who are always praising their children may be trying to develop high self-esteem. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} In fact, too much special treatment can lead to narcissistic behavior.

    "{#blank#}3{#/blank#} That may not be good for them or for society." Brad Bushman, co-author of the study and professor of communication and psychology at the Ohio State University, said in a press release. "People with high self-esteem think they're as good as others, whereas narcissists think they're better than others."

    This study, as well as previous studies about parent-child relationships Bushman has worked on, caused him to alter his own parenting style. When he began his research, he thought that children should be treated like they are special by their parents. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} He said that interventions (干预) can help parents learn how to better support their children.

    "Parent training interventions can, for example, teach parents to express affection and appreciation toward children without telling children that they are superior to others," Bushman said. "Future studies should test whether this can work."

A. Now he is careful not to follow that model.

B. Children whose parents tell them they are special are more likely to become narcissists.

C. But actually, they have realized that they are running their children.

D. Children believe it when their parents tell them that they are more special than others.

E. And he carefully carries out the principle.

F. However, the study showed that loving and emotionally warm parents are more likely to have confident kids.

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