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题型:任务型阅读 题类:真题 难易度:困难

2015年高考英语真题试卷(江苏卷)

阅读理解请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
    People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
    In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.
    News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
    News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
    For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
What news stories do you read?
Division of news stories● People expect to getfrom reading news.
● News stories are roughly divided into two classes.
● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won't.
ofthe two classes● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual .
● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories andsimilar feelings with those involved.
●  News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a to them.
●  News of delayed reward will induce the reader to for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to from the reality.
Unstable boundaries of the two classes●  What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their.
●  Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and themselves to the reality.
●  Thus, the division, on the whole,on the reader.
举一反三
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    A good book can be satisfying. If reading is a habit you'd like to get into, there are some ways to develop it.

    ☆Realize that reading is enjoyable if you have a good book. If you have a difficult book and you are forcing yourself through it, it will seem like a task. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    ☆Set time. You should have some time during every day when you'll read for at least 5 to 10 minutes. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} For example, make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch and even dinner if you eat alone.

    ☆Always carry a book. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} When I leave the house, I always make sure to have my car keys and one book at hand. The book stays with me in the car, and I take it into the office and pretty much everywhere I go.

    ☆{#blank#}4{#/blank#} Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair. Do not lie down unless you're going to sleep. There should be no television or computer near the chair, and no music or noisy family members or roommates. If you don't have a place like this, create one.

    ☆Reduce television or the Internet. If you really want to read more, try cutting back on time on TV or the Internet. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Still, every minute you reduce of the Internet or TV, you could use for reading. This could create hours of book reading time.

A. Go to bookstores.

B. Find a quiet place.

C. This may be difficult for some people.

D. Wherever you go, take a book with you.

E. Have some good tea or coffee while you read.

F. It means you will read no matter how busy you are.

G. If this happens, give up the book and find another one that you'll really love.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。

    There is an old Spanish saying which states, “Tomorrow is often the busiest day of the week.” How many times have we put off our dreams tomorrow? {#blank#}1{#/blank#} We have to go for them now!

Tomorrow is not promised.

    Nobody likes to talk about death, but everybody is going to die at one point. None of us know the day or the hour. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Don't go to your tomb(坟墓) with unrealized dreams. Make the decision to go after every dream, big or small right now.

{#blank#}3{#/blank#}

    One of the biggest dream killers is fear. Many people could have achieved amazing things if only they weren't afraid. Just think about all the things you've wanted to go, but allowed fear to convince you that you weren't talented, or good enough. Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create.

Take action to realize your dream.

    You can dream about writing a great play, but it's never going to happen unless you actually put pen to paper. You can dream about finding a cure for cancer, but it will never happen unless you actually become equipped with the necessary tools to find that cure. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}

Possibilities are waiting on you.

    There are so many amazing opportunities and people waiting on you. How do you get to them? Simple! Follow your dream. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} You'll never see those doors if you sit around waiting on a dream to happen, instead of actually working to make it happen.

A. Don't let fear win.

B. In other words, dreams don't work unless you do.

C. Our dreams should not, and cannot wait.

D. Therefore, today is all we have.

E. You'll be much happier if you go for it.

F. You were born into the world with a unique gift, which nobody can copy.

G. Doors that you couldn't imagine open up when you go after what you want.

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

    Put a group of strangers in a room together, and they'll probably start a conversation. “Hot today, isn't it?” one might say. “You said it,” another replies.

    Why do we talk so much about the weather? When we meet new people, we don't begin by telling them our life story. We start with small talk, a polite conversation about something like traffic or weather.

    Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships. When we begin conversations with new people, we want to feel comfortable, and so do they. We use small talk to find common interests. Once we have a common interest, a friendship can begin.

    Small talk even helps people get a job. In order to impress at a job interview, you need to bond with the interviewer right away. Proper sma ll talk can make that first impression get you the job.

    So, how can you make small talk lead to a new friendship or job? First off, find common ground. Select something around you that you share with the other person.

    Next, keep the conversation going. Compliment (赞美) the other person to make him or her feel comfortable, and ask questions to show interest.

    Third, keep eye contact. When you loop people in the eye, they feel you appreciate what they are saying. It makes you appear honest and build trust.

Naturally, shy people might not have enough confidence to start up conversations with strangers. Talking to someone you don't know is not the easiest thing to do! Some experts say with more practice, small take does get easier.

    Some people avoid small talk because they dislike discussing things like traffic or weather. For them, they are just too small. However, when you think about it, small talk is anything but small. In fact, it is actually a very big deal!

Title

Small Talk: A Big {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

Introduction

We are likely to make small talk when we {#blank#}2{#/blank#}meet people.

 {#blank#}3{#/blank#}

Small talk can help people form {#blank#}4{#/blank#}friendships.

Small talk can also help people get {#blank#}5{#/blank#}.



Advice

Find some topics {#blank#}6{#/blank#}with the other person.

Keep the talk going by making compliments and {#blank#}7{#/blank#}questions.

Keep eye contact in conversation to build {#blank#}8{#/blank#}.

 {#blank#}9{#/blank#} more in order to make small talk easier.

Conclusion

Small talk really  {#blank#}10{#/blank#}a lot to us.

阅读短文,按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Why not carry on her good work?

    I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university?I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.

    By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, traveling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them caught my eye. It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sicknees. Why did she write that?Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice?I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.

    Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.

    By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own. Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time I was very excited. Why not study at a medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and ……

Directions:Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.

Face up to Reality

Calls to stop the use of face recognition technology are growing louder, but it is already too late. Given its widespread use by tech companies and the police, a permanent roll back is impossible.

The European Commission is considering temporarily banning the use of the technology in public spaces, giving politicians in Europe time to develop measures to reduce the potential risks of face recognition systems. Some US cities, such as San Francisco, have already implemented bans.

{#blank#}1{#/blank#}Public areas make up a small proportion of the physical spaces we inhabit. What about the many that are privately owned, such as shops, schools and museums, in which face recognition is steadily being rolled out, sometimes without our knowledge?

Most of us now associate face recognition with CCTV cameras(闭路电视摄像机). {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Facebook, for example, runs face recognition on users' photos to automatically identify them in other images on the site, which has been functioning for years. Russian search engine Yandex has a smart search function that, given one image of a face, can find pictures online of the same person even in different poses and lighting conditions.

Other concerns relate to the fact that the technology is imperfect. An independent analysis of a face recognition trial by London's Metropolitan Police found that 81 per cent of matches the system flagged to a watch list of suspects were incorrect. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}

So what is the possible solution? When we consider both the rate at which the technology is developing and its widespread use nowadays, it is crystal-clear that a ban on its use in public spaces would be too little, too late.

{#blank#}4{#/blank#}A set of effective rules on when and how it can be used needs to be decided quickly. Face recognition technology is here to stay; implementing a temporary ban would be the regulatory equivalent of burying our faces in the sand.

A. This applies to face recognition, as is often the case.

B. As a matter of fact, it is advancing in the online field, too.

C. What face recognition needs is strict and urgent regulation.

D. But the prohibitions are so limited that they are hardly bans at all.

E. And it's even less accurate for some minorities, which risks worsening racial issues.

F. Companies cannot let market make a final decision on the future of new technology.

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