题型:任务型阅读 题类:模拟题 难易度:困难
江苏省镇江市2019届高三英语一模考试试卷(含小段音频)
Decoding the young brain
There was a funny experiment to see how a young child would answer a specific question compared to an adult. After the adult had spent some time speaking with the child, he asked the child, “What do you think about me?” The child answered, “You talk too much.” When the adult performed the same experiment with another adult, the reply to the same question was, “I think you're a very interesting person.” Even if the adult felt the same way as the child, his brain allowed him to take a moment,consider the question, and come up with an answer. He could have been annoyed, but his answer didn't reflect it because he was being polite.
The secret lies in the science of the developing brain. The child's honest answer was reflected in the fact that his brain wasn't equipped to filter(过滤) information before answering the question. As a result, he was honest, but he said something that may have been hurtful. However, the child did not intentionally hurt the adult; it's just the way his brain works. As a child grows into adolescence and then into adulthood, that changes.
The human brain is made up of billions of neurons(神经元). In order for our body to execute a command, like getting up from a chair and walking to the other room, the neurons in the brain have to communicate with each other. They also help us employ our senses like taste and touch and help us remember things.
When the neurons send messages, perhaps one sensation(感觉) the person feels is excitement about eating a cookie because it is so delicious. Later, if that person smells a cookie or hears someone talking about a cookie, it can spark the electrical signals that call up the memory of eating the delicious cookie. In an adult, he or she may remember that eating too many cookies can have consequences, like weight gain. But because the younger brain is more impulsive(冲动的), the desire to feel the pleasure of the sweet treat outweighs the consequences.
That is because when a child is young, his brain is “wired” in such a way that he seeks pleasure and is more willing to take risks than an adult. This affects his decision-making process and it is why younger people tend to be more impulsive. Sometimes parents have to tell their children over and over again before the child remembers that something is dangerous or risky. How many times have we heard a parent say, “I tell her this all the time, but she never listens!”
To conclude, what we know about the young brain is that children are more likely than adults to be impulsive. It isn't always necessarily because they are being naughty; it may very well be because of their brains. So the next time you ask a child what he really thinks of you, be prepared for any kind of answer.
Decoding the young brain |
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An experiment on a young child |
A young child answered the question the top of his head while an adult paused, and twice before he found an answer. |
Causes of the reflected in the experiment |
The developing brain of the young child contributed to his honest answer. ◆He was more likely to hurt or offend others he didn't intend to do so. ◆It's just the way his brain works and with him growing up, that changes. |
Billions of neurons up the human brain have their own mechanism for functioning. ◆The neurons have to communicate with each other, helping us employ our senses and remember things. ◆A person may the smell of a cookie with the memory of eating it. ◆A younger brain is more impulsive compared with an adult's. |
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A young child's having a natural to seek pleasure and take risks results from his young brain. ◆This affects his decision-making process and it is why younger people act in an impulsive way. ◆Warned many times before, a young child will still try something or risky. |
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A conclusion drawn from the experiment |
An adult's ability to control his impulses is much and a young child is not being naughty when they make hurtful or offensive answers. |
Aside from the health benefits of laughter (which are numerous and significant), having a sense of humor about life's difficulties can provide a way to bond with others, look at things in a different way, normalize your experience, and keep things from appearing too overwhelming or scary. Properly developed, a good sense of humor can keep people and relationships strong.
Studies show that having a smile on your face can make you feel better, and can lead you to actually feeling happier (rather than just looking happier). Even if the smile is fake, the benefits you will experience are real! Also, a fake smile leads readily to a genuine one. If you are able to put a smile on your face, the laughter will come more easily, and the stress will melt more easily.
If your situation seems ridiculously frustrating, recognize what can develop into humor in just how ridiculously frustrating and annoying it is. In your imagination, take the situation to an extreme that becomes even more ridiculous until you find yourself amused. For example, when you're waiting in a long line at the store, you can imagine that hours pass, then days, visualizing yourself accepting visits from loved ones from your new home in this ultra-long line, holding your children's birthday parties in aisle seven so you can be there to enjoy them...you get the picture.
Besides, find a friend with whom you can laugh also works! You can each share your frustrations, and laugh about them in the process. Even when your friend isn't there, you can feel less stressed by thinking about the retelling that will come later.
You can have a “most annoying boss” game with your friends, or try to count how many times the same potentially frustrating event happens in a day.(“I was cut off in traffic 7 times today—I'm almost up to 10!”) This works well for predictable or repetitive annoying situations that you can't control; you can begin to value them in their own special way instead of letting them upset you.
One of the factors that drive the popularity of shows like Modern Family or movies like the classic Ferris Bueller's Day Off, is that they take somewhat universal situations that many people find frustrating and push them a little further, pointing out the silliness of it all.
What's more, you can try joining Funny Clubs.Years ago, when Oprah had a show rather than a network, she did a part on Laughter Yoga that interested me, and I researched a club on my own, finding it to be a terrific place to enjoy a good laugh. Whether you mean business or laugh at the silliness of it all, taking part in the exercises of laughter yoga with other humor-participants can be a very effective way to get back in the practice of getting some more laughter into your day.
Title | Develop a good sense of humor |
{#blank#}1{#/blank#} | Developing a good sense of humor concerning {#blank#}2{#/blank#}in life is an effective coping technique.It leads to better relationship as well as simple stress management. |
Suggestions | *Start with a {#blank#}3{#/blank#} It's shown in the studies that wearing a smile can help you feel happier.The more you laugh, the {#blank#}4{#/blank#} the stress is to melt. |
*Value the extremes: Imagine the situations to an extreme so that you can recognize the{#blank#}5{#/blank#}humor. | |
*Have an interesting friend: Share frustrations with your friends. If your friend isn't with you,{#blank#}6{#/blank#} the retelling to come can help lighten your moods. | |
*Make it a {#blank#}7{#/blank#} Value your frustrations in a “most annoying boss” game or count the times of the same potentially frustrating events in a day. | |
*Watch funny shows and {#blank#}8{#/blank#} Realizing that some{#blank#}9{#/blank#} frustrating situations are actually funny can help you endure them with a smile-even if it's ironic. | |
*Join laughter yoga clubs: Whether you are taking laughing {#blank#}10{#/blank#} or just laughing at the silliness of it all, joining a laughter yoga club is of much help. |
Who's Really Addicting You To Technology?
“Nearly everyone I know is addicted in some measure to the Internet”, wrote Tony Schwartz in The New York Times. It's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuses the Net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distraction.
There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the Net has difficulty disconnecting. Then who's at fault for its overuse? To find solutions, it's important to understand what we're dealing with. There are four parties cooperating to keep you connected: the tech, your boss, your friends and you.
The technologies themselves and their makers are the easiest suspects to blame for our distraction. Online services like Facebook, Google, twitter and the like rely on advertising revenue, so the more frequently you use them, the more money they make. No wonder these companies employ teams of people focused on improving their services to be as attractive as possible.
Good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them from coming too close. However, less than 15 percent of smartphone users are willing to adjust their notification settings meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to (默认)the app makers' every preset devices.
While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. Take email, for example. We check email at all hours of the day we're obsessed, because that's what the boss wants. For almost all white-collar jobs, email is the primary tool of corporate communication. A slow response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.
Your friends are also responsible for the addiction. Think about this familiar scene. People gathered around a table, enjoying food and each others' company. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what. Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.
The reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is more than an impolite behavior because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious (传染). Once one person looks at their phone, other people tend to do the same, starting a chain reaction.
Hie technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself using (or overusing) these gadgets. But there's still someone who deserves careful examination the person holding the phone.
When people are doing something difficult they'd rather not do, the phone is used to transport them elsewhere. They can easily escape discomfort temporarily, by answering email or browsing the web under the excuse of so-called “research”. The truth is that we are working unproductively out of our bad habits.
Personal technology is indeed more attractive than ever, which doesn't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology, instead, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the technology that's responsible for our habits. Our workplace culture, social norms and individual behaviors all play a part.
Who's Really Addicting You To Technology? |
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A common phenomenon |
More and more people are getting addicted to some {#blank#}1{#/blank#} to the Internet nowadays. Those who have difficulty disconnecting often lay {#blank#}2{#/blank#} on the Net and its offspring apps. |
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Four suspects |
The technologies |
Some online services like Facebook are designed attractively for {#blank#}3{#/blank#} reasons. Most people won't {#blank#}4{#/blank#}to make any adjustment to the preset devices. |
Your boss |
Emails are widely used for communication in many companies. White-collar employees check emails hourly as a delayed response may {#blank#}5{#/blank#}them reputation and livelihood. |
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Your friends |
A check on the phone is often taken for {#blank#}6{#/blank#} though it's sometimes impolite with friends around. One tends to {#blank#}7{#/blank#}suit when seeing; his friends surfing on the phone. |
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You (The users) |
Technologies can be used as a good excuse to {#blank#}8{#/blank#}ourselves from something boring or challenging. Some had habits as well as technologies give {#blank#}9{#/blank#} to our distraction. |
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Conclusion |
Technology {#blank#}10{#/blank#} is not the root of the problem with our addition, as many other factors also play a part. |
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