题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
广西陆川县中学2017-2018学年高二下学期英语期末考试试卷
Imagine that you're an actor or actress performing in a play for the first time. You've learned all your lines and you know where to walk on stage. Waiting behind the closed curtain, you can hear the audience whispering. Then your big moment arrives! The curtain goes up, and the crowd falls silent. All you can see is the spotlight shining down on you. The inside of your mouth is dry, and your hands are wet.
If you've experienced a moment like this, you know all too well what it means to have stage fright. It's one of the most common types of fear.You can experience this kind of fear when playing sports, giving a talk, or even speaking in class.
The experience differs from person to person, but the same chemical process occurs on each of us. In reaction to anxiety, our bodies produce a chemical that prepares us to either fight or run away quickly. Scientists refer to this as our bodies' “fight for flight” reaction. As a result, we feel the great energy that makes our hands sweat, our hearts race and knees shake.
Practicing your performance and following some simple tips can help you calm down and manage the feelings caused by anxiety. Firstly, dress comfortably and appropriately. Secondly, before the performance, take deep breaths and stretch to help relax your body. Thirdly, stay away from drinks that contain caffeine(咖啡因).Instead, try a banana! Some doctors believe that eating a banana can help calm your heart and the rest of your body. Finally, when you look into a crowd, try to focus on particular people rather than the whole group. These tips have helped many people learn to deal with their fears.
A. These might make your heart race even faster. B. Maybe you don't have to be onstage to get stage fright. C. Stage fright is really part of the body's reaction to stress. D. With practice, we can learn how to relax while playing sports. E. Then you try to speak your lines, but nothing seems to come out. F. There's a time when stage fright prevents you from stepping onstage. G. However, the good news about stage fright is that there are a way to deal with it. |
Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money and time. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Money is a topic I'll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:
1). Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? {#blank#}2{#/blank#}
2). Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? {#blank#}3{#/blank#} It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.
3). {#blank#}4{#/blank#} This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.
Hopefully that gives a good start. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!
A. Try new things. B. Ability is easily improved. C. Make three or four instead. D. Understand your food better. E. Cooking is a burden for many people. F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on. |
Learning English is challenging because of the various rules and exceptions to the rules. The best way to learn English is to hear it spoken and repeat the words as you hear them. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}You will learn how to make English a daily part of your life in order to learn to speak it quickly.
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} Ask a friend to help you write letters of English alphabet on index cards. You should write a letter on each card. Practise the letters by mixing up the cards and saying the letters. You can ask your friend to help you pronounce the letters and quiz you on your knowledge.
Make your own videos in English. If you have a video camera, you can tape yourself speaking English and practice along with your own video. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Watch your videos daily, and repeat what is being said.
Get a private tutor. A professional English instructor can give you one-on-one instruction that will help you understand the rules of English. Your instructor can teach you how to write and speak English. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} You can also inquire at your local community college.
Watch movies with English subtitles. When watching a movie in your native language, use the English subtitles so you will understand the connection between your language and English.
{#blank#}5{#/blank#} You will make mistakes, and that is OK. You need to practice English as much as possible in order to quickly learn to speak the language fluently.
A. Learn the English alphabet. B. Use every opportunity to speak English. C. You can subscribe some English magazines to learn English. D. Constant repetition is the key to remembering words in English. E. If you have any difficult points, you can consult your dictionary at any time.. F. You can find an English tutor by placing an advertisement in your local newspaper. G. You can make a play in which you and a friend are having a simple conversation in English. |
While going through life with the pursuit of money on our mind, we're often told that money can't buy happiness. But what truth is there in the saying? Is there a relation between money and happiness? {#blank#}1{#/blank#}
Humans are very sensitive to change. When we get a rise, we really enjoy it. But some studies have shown that in North America, additional income beyond 75,000 dollars a year stops impacting day-to-day happiness. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}They often end up spending all the money, going into debt, and experience ruined social relationships.
So surely money can't really buy happiness. Well, recent studies suggest that the problem may actually be in the way that we spend money. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}Studies show that people who spend their money on others feel happier. As for the people who spend money on themselves, their happiness is unchanged.
{#blank#}4{#/blank#} One experiment showed that instead of an organization writing a large check to a charity, dividing the amount up among employees, allowing them to contribute to a charity of their choice, increased their job satisfaction. Similarly, individuals that spend money on each other, as opposed to themselves, not only increase job satisfaction, but improve the team performance.
{#blank#}5{#/blank#} Interestingly, the specific way money is spent on others isn't important. Spending something on others is the important aspect of increasing your happiness.
A. The same principle has been tested on teams and organizations as well. B. Money has more effect on the vast majority of people in the long run. C. Instead of buying things for yourself, try giving some of it to other people and see how you feel. D. And if so, how can we use it to our advantage? E. Almost everywhere we look in the world, we see that giving money to others is positively related to happiness, F. And while you're saving up for these greatest experiences, don't forget the daily joys in life. G. In fact, people who win a lottery often report becoming extremely unhappy. |
When times are tough, how should governments in poor countries ensure their citizens remain fed? In the past, most of them used subsidies (现金补助) to keep food prices low for all their citizens. But these policies have become ineffective: the cost of maintaining Egypt's food subsidies, for instance, nearly doubled between 2009 and 2013. And much of the money goes to the wrong people. In Egypt and the Philippines less than 20% of spending on food subsidies goes to poor households. In the Middle East and North Africa only 35% of subsidies reach 40% of the poorest, the IMF notes.
Motivated by a desire to control growing budget deficits (赤字) , many countries are replacing broad subsidies with policies aimed more directly at the needy. But what form should the targeted aid take? Earlier this month Iran introduced free handouts of food to replace its subsidy method. Other countries, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, have chosen instead to provide extra cash benefits to the poor. So far, food vouchers (代金券) have been the least popular option. Proposals to introduce food vouchers in such countries as Malaysia have been rejected on the basis that they were too American and un-Asian.
However, the researchers at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) thought that might have been a mistake and analyzed the results of an experiment conducted by the World Food Programme in Ecuador, a South American country, in 2011, which compared handouts of food, cash and vouchers in the experiment. The study found that direct handouts— Iran's new policy—were the least effective option. They cost three times as much as vouchers to promote calorie intake by 15%, and were four times as costly as a way of increasing dietary diversity and quality. Distribution costs were high, and wastage was also a problem. Only 63% of the food given away was actually eaten, while 83% of the cash was spent on food and 99% of the vouchers were exchanged as intended. Food handouts have also been the costliest option in similar projects in some African countries, according to John Hoddinott at IFPRI.
In Ecuador there was little difference in cost between handing out cash and food vouchers, the other two options. But food vouchers were better at encouraging people to buy healthier foods because of restrictions on what items could be exchanged for them. It was 25% cheaper to promote the quality of household nutrition using food vouchers than it was by handing out cash.
A switch from universal subsidies to vouchers could be the most efficient way of promoting health as well as relieving poverty. This is very necessary in many developing countries, according to Lynn Brown, a consultant for the World Bank.
Topic |
Feeding expectations: Why food vouchers are a policy {#blank#}1{#/blank#} consideration in developing countries? |
Aim of universal subsidies |
To {#blank#}2{#/blank#} for the citizens in poor countries. |
Analyses of three policies |
Cash ●It keeps food prices low for all citizens. ●It is not {#blank#}3{#/blank#} in the long term: *The cost keeps increasing. *Much of the money doesn't reach those really in {#blank#}4{#/blank#} . |
Handouts of food ●The food can reach the needy {#blank#}5{#/blank#} . ●They cost twice more than vouchers to promote calorie intake. ●A lot of the food handed out is wasted, thus {#blank#}6{#/blank#} a matter of wastage. |
|
Food vouchers ●They work better when it {#blank#}7{#/blank#} to encouraging people to buy healthier foods. ●{#blank#}8{#/blank#} with handing out cash, using food vouchers costs much less. ●They are too American and un-Asian. |
|
Conclusion |
It's a {#blank#}9{#/blank#} to use vouchers in many developing countries because it not only helps to{#blank#}10{#/blank#} poverty but also promotes health most efficiently. |
试题篮