题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:困难
江苏省扬州市2020届高三上学期英语期中调研试卷
A psychotherapist once taught me a little trick that helped me feel less angry at my partner and less sad about the failings of our relationship.
She said, "Look at him and imagine him as a very little boy; that way, you separate yourself somewhat from the adult, and you are likely to understand and forgive him."
It actually helped. I couldn't be as mad at or disappointed by a child as I could be with a grown man. So, at least on some occasions, we were both spared the heartache of an uncomfortable silence or a not-so-silent argument. And I sometimes still use versions of that trick whenever I feel frustrated or angry in other relationships or personal exchanges.
But what if you could mentally change the form of the emotion itself? According to scientists at the University of Texas, maybe you can.
Focusing specifically on sadness, the researchers asked two groups of study participants to write about a time in their lives when they felt very sad. They then asked one group to imagine sadness as a person, and write down a description of the person they imagined would be sadness. Not surprisingly, the participants described sadness in such ways as an older person with gray hair and sunken eyes or a young girl holding her head down as she slowly walked along.
The researchers asked the other group of participants to write down a description of sadness with respect to its impact on their moods. When asked to rate their levels of sadness after completing their descriptions, the participants who wrote about the emotion itself and how it affects them reported higher levels of sadness than the group that anthropomorphized (人格化)sadness into a specific type of person with familiar human characteristics. The researchers suggest that by giving life to the emotion, participants can view sadness as something (or someone) separate and somewhat distant from themselves, helping them relieve their negative feelings.
While it's okay to feel sad, many people behave in unconscious and sometimes self-destructive ways to distract or "save" themselves when they are consumed by negative emotions. So in the study authors wanted to know whether or not the group that reported feeling less sad would make smarter shopping decisions.
They tested this by asking participants in both groups to first choose between a salad or a cheesecake dessert to go with the main dish they were having for lunch. The researchers also asked participants to choose between a computer loaded with features for productivity or a computer loaded with features for entertainment. Those study participants who had anthropomorphized their emotions were more likely to choose the salad and the productive computer than those who had simply written about their feelings.
For obvious reasons, then, they say this technique is best for reduce negative emotions.
A Little Trick to Help You Feel Sad |
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Passage outlines |
Supporting details |
The writer's experience |
When he was angry with his partner, the writer was able to improve his mood by his partner as a little boy, which is sometimes to both sides. |
This trick can mentally change the form of people's emotion |
It is no that the study participants tend to picture sadness as an older person or an unhappy girl. The participants who describe their emotion as a person have a level of sadness than those who merely describe their emotion itself. |
This trick can people's consumption decisions |
When lost in negative emotions, people may lose of themselves and behave in self-destructive ways. Participants who give to the emotion prefer salad while those who don't choose food in sugar and caloric. |
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This little trick can help people reduce negative feelings. |
From time to time, we all get a bit down. Maybe we are feeling bad because we're not doing well with our goals. There are many reasons for feeling down, but I'm not able to discuss all of them. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}
Make a list. Sometimes we are sad simply because we are troubled by all the things we have to do. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Make a list of the most pressing things you have to do. Thus you're getting things under control. You can see, right in front of you, what you need to do, and that can pick up your mood.
{#blank#}3{#/blank#} You've made a list, and you still feel puzzled? Well, get started on the first thing you need to do. Once you get into action, you'll feel better. And once you start doing something, you will feel much better than lying around feeling sorry for yourself.
{#blank#}4{#/blank#} I like Brown Eyed Girl, the Kinks, the Ramones, or an upbeat Beatles tune. You might have your own brand of feel-good music. Whatever it is, let yourself move to the beat. It may just be what the doctor ordered.
Talk about it. Get a best friend, family member or coworker you can talk to. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} It can also help you work out the reasons you're feeling down.
A. Take action. B. Play some lively music. C. Get out of the house and do something. D. Getting things off your chest makes a big difference. E. Start simply by picking up a piece of paper and a pen. F. Do whatever you need to do to feel good about yourself. G. What I can talk about are some things that have worked for me. |
注意:每个空格只填一个单词。
Every January for the past 20 years, I have taken a few moments to consider the answer to the big question, “What is the meaning of life?” The reason I ask this question year after year is that my answer changes over time, which I find interesting and insightful. There is no objectively correct answer, I believe—only answers that are right for you at any given time. This question is so important—philosophically and practically in terms of how we live our lives— yet we are unable to really think about the answer.
Doing this simple exercise might even help you live longer. According to two separate studies —one with 9,000 participants around age 65 and another with 6,000 people between 20 and 75—those who could explain the meaning and purpose of their lives died later than those who saw their lives as aimless. It didn't seem to matter what meaning participants ascribed to their lives, whether it was personal (such as happiness), or creative (such as making art). It was having an answer to the question that mattered. The connection to longevity(长寿)could be causal—having purpose may help one manage daily stress, as other research has shown. But it could also be that those who think about life's meaning are more likely to do other activities that promote good health.
Great thinkers have given the question thought. Leo Tolstoy wrote, “The sole meaning of life is to serve humanity.” Albert Einstein said: “Only a life lived for others is a life worthwhile.” My favorite answer, though, is “The purpose of life is a life of purpose.”
Some have concluded that life's meaning is subjective. “There is not one standard meaning for all,” author Anaïs Nin once said. “There is only the meaning we each give to our life, an individual meaning, an individual plot, like an individual novel, a book for each person.” I agree, which is why I recommend formulating(构想)your own answer. Taking a few moments to record your response to the question “What is the meaning of life?” is the kind of simple exercise that effectively adds meaning to your life.
And then I suggest answering it every year. Looking back at how your thinking has evolved and been influenced by experience tells you something more about yourself. Then, it gets you closer to a deeper self-understanding.
If you do the annual “meaning” exercise, I suggest not looking at past answers before answering anew. I write them down on the same now-yellowing piece of paper and keep it someplace safe.
The last suggestion is to turn your answer into action. If you conclude, as Tolstoy and Einstein did, that the meaning of life is helping others, that should help motivate you to do more of it.
This is not a theoretical exercise. Whatever small step you take toward finding the meaning of life is a step toward a more meaningful, and longer life. Why not do this simple annual “meaning” exercise from now on?
Knowing Your {#blank#}1{#/blank#}in Life Can Help You Live Longer |
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Introduction |
Many of us {#blank#}2{#/blank#}to consider the answer to the question “What is the meaning of life?”, though it is important. |
{#blank#}3{#/blank#}of studies |
Those who know the meaning and purpose of life enjoy longevity. With purpose, they may {#blank#}4{#/blank#}with stress and get involved in activities {#blank#}5{#/blank#} good health. |
Answers to the question |
Some famous people think the meaning of life is {#blank#}6{#/blank#}others. I think a meaningful life is a life with purpose. |
Suggestions |
★Add meaning to your life by recording the answers, which{#blank#}7{#/blank#} depending on individuals. ★Answer the question yearly, which helps you {#blank#}8{#/blank#}yourself better. ★Don't {#blank#}9{#/blank#}to the previous ones while forming a new answer. ★Turn your answer into action, doing what you think right and meaningful. |
Conclusion |
Your ever-changing answers may help you live longer and better. Every small step you take toward finding the answers {#blank#}10{#/blank#}. |
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