题型:阅读填表 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通
四川省成都市锦江区2020年中考英语二诊试卷
Do you know viruses(病毒) and bacteria(细菌)? Both of them are very small, we can't see them with our eyes, and many people know nothing about them. In fact, there are a number of differences between viruses and bacteria. Bacterium, the singular form of the word bacteria, is a one—celled(单细胞) living thing, with complete sets of both RNA and DNA genetic codes(遗传密码). For viruses, some are sections of RNA, and the others are sections of DNA. So, bacterium is at least a hundred times larger than a typical virus.
One main difference between viruses and bacteria is the method of reproduction. A bacterium is a completely independent and self—reproducing unit. When the time is right, bacterium will divide its DNA and RNA genetic material in two. This is how bacteria live in almost every environment on Earth, including non—living things like rocks or plastic.
A virus, on the other hand, cannot reproduce without a living host. A virus may lie for thousands of years before finally coming into a suitable host. Once it enters the body of a host, a virus will get in the living cell. Once inside a living cell, a virus takes the place of the living cell's DNA or RNA genetic instructions with its own. Those instructions are usually to make as many copies of the virus as possible.
Ninety—nine percent of all known bacteria are considered useful to humans, or at least have no bad influence. But most viruses, on the other hand, serve no good purpose. Their only purpose is to create more viruses in order to make themselves continue to live.
Bacteria are alive, which means they can be killed by some form of chemical things. Antibiotics(抗生素) can kill bacteria. Viruses, by comparison, are not considered living things. They cannot be 'killed' in the same way as antibiotics kill bacteria. In fact, any medicine is useless for virus' infections. The disease must run its course until the body can make a successful protection on its own.
Viruses and Bacteria |
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Similarity |
Both are too smallwith our eyes. |
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Differences |
Viruses |
Bacteria |
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What they're like |
●They are not living things. |
● They are living things. |
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●A virus is a section ofRNADNA. |
●A bacterium has complete sets of both RNA and DNA genetic codes. |
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●A virus is much smaller than a bacterium. |
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How they reproduce |
A virus cannot make a copy without a living host. |
A bacterium can reproducein almost every environment on Earth. |
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How they influence humans. |
Most of them doto humans |
Most of them are considered useful to humans, or at least have no bad influence. |
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for viruses and bacteria |
We can use antibiotics to kill bacteria while for viruses it only depends on if our body can make a successful protection on its own. |
根据下面短文内容,在文章后第1~10小题的空格里填入最恰当的单词,并将答案填写在答题纸标号为1~10的相应位置上。注意:每空一词。
Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy. He was the oldest of five children in a worker's family. He enjoyed going to the sea when he was a young boy.
He heard that there was a lot of gold and other valuable things in East India. He wanted to find a short way to get to the Indies by ship. On August 3, 1492, he sailed toward the west from Palos, Spain with three ships. After many days, the sailors had covered a long distance on the sea and were ready to turn around for home when they saw land, an island Columbus named San Salvador. He thought he had found the Indies and called the people he saw there “Indians”. When they got to Cuba, he thought he was in Japan. The world was a lot larger than he thought.
In his life, he made four trips across the ocean. His 13-year-old son, Ferdinand, went with him during the last time. He returned to Spain in 1504. Columbus did not become rich as he had hoped. At the end of his life he only had a pension(退休金) the king and the queen had given him because he was the first to reach the New World. He died in 1506, still believing that he had found a new route to East India and that he had reached Asia.
Columbus didn't get to school very much, but he learned to read and write Spanish during his travels. He also taught himself Latin because all the geography books were written in Latin. He is remembered by all not only for the New World he discovered, but also for the way he led for other explorers.
Christopher Columbus and His Sailing | |
Personal information | ● Columbus was from a worker's family. His {#blank#}1{#/blank#} place is Genoa, Italy. ● He didn't get to school very much, but he loved to go to the {#blank#}2{#/blank#} as a very young boy. |
His four sailing{#blank#}3{#/blank#} | ● He sailed with three ships from Spain {#blank#}4{#/blank#} he wanted to look for the treasure in East India. During their first sailing, they found land, an island {#blank#}5{#/blank#} San Salvador by him. ● The world was {#blank#}6{#/blank#} larger than he thought and he considered Cuba as Japan by mistake. ● Later in his life, he had {#blank#}7{#/blank#} three trips across the ocean. Finally he came back home in 1504. ●{#blank#}8{#/blank#} of being rich, he only got a pension given by the king and the queen because he found the New World. |
His great achievements | ● He learnt Spanish and Latin {#blank#}9{#/blank#} himself during his travels. ● People {#blank#}10{#/blank#} Columbus because he discovered a New World and led the way for other explorers. |
Hello, boys and girls. My name is Kangkang. I'm from Tianjin. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} My mother works in No.10 Middle School, too. She teaches Chinese. My father is a doctor in a hospital.
{#blank#}2{#/blank#}
On Sunday my mother and I often do some shopping. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} We will go shopping this Sunday afternoon. My mother says she will buy me a red coat.{#blank#}4{#/blank#} I want a yellow one. My mother says yes to me. I am happy.
My father doesn't like shopping at all. He likes animals best. He often takes me to the zoo. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} I think pandas are very cute. This Sunday morning my father will go to the zoo with me.
A. My mother likes shopping a lot. B. They both work hard. C. I like tigers the best. D. But I don't like red. E. I really want a red coat. F. My favorite animal is the panda. G. I'm in No.10 Middle School. |
{#blank#}1{#/blank#}Jane's red ruler {#blank#}2{#/blank#}John's phone number {#blank#}3{#/blank#}Sally's family photo {#blank#}4{#/blank#}Wendy's schoolbag {#blank#}5{#/blank#}Jack's pencil box |
A. A black pen, two yellow pencils and a white eraser are in her schoolbag. B. 020—8967890 is his telephone number. You can call him if you like. C. These are her parents. The boy is her brother. And the little girl is Sally. And the dog is in the photo, too. D. A pencil sharpener, two pens and three pencils are in his pencil case. E. He has a blue ruler. He likes it very much. But he lost it yesterday(昨天), so he's very sad. F. Some books. Three notebooks and one pencil are in his backpack. G. A ruler. Is it yours? It's red. Call me at 8834672. |
A large numbers of emojis (表情符号) are sent online every day. Emojis are pictures used in texts and web pages. Since emojis were invented in the late 1990s, they have been used as a modern international languages.
We like emojis for different reasons. A written message is always black and white, but emojis show meanings beautifully. Sometimes emojis also change the way we write. The more emojis we use, the fewer words we use.
There are many emojis with different meanings. They are easy to understand. For example, a smiling face means "I'm happy". A cake with candles means "Happy birthday". When we want to say "Goodbye", we use a smiling face with a waving hand. When we are in a terrible situation but we have to laugh to cheer ourselves up, we can use a "cry laugh" emoji.
Now emojis have great influence on us. Sometimes, emojis can be helpful to people from different countries in understanding each other. And when we are feeling exchange. Then the invention of emojis helps change the situation. For example, when we receive a smiling face from our friends online, we try to exchange our feelings by sending the same picture.
It seems that emojis change as time goes by. However, we should be careful when we use them online.
Emojis | |
Brief introduction | ●Emojis are {#blank#}1{#/blank#} that we use in texts and web pages. ●Emojis have been used as a {#blank#}2{#/blank#}international languages. |
Reasons for their popularity | ●Emojis can show {#blank#}3{#/blank#}beautifully. ●Emojis change the way we {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. |
Examples of emojis | ●A smiling face means "I'm happy." ●A cake with {#blank#}5{#/blank#} means "Happy birthday." ●A smiling face with waving hand means "Goodbye". ●A "cry—laugh" emoji means we want to {#blank#}6{#/blank#}up. |
The {#blank#}7{#/blank#} of emojis | ●Emojis can {#blank#}8{#/blank#} people from different countries to understand each other. ●Emojis can allow us to exchange our {#blank#}9{#/blank#}. |
Conclusion | We should be {#blank#}10{#/blank#}when we use emojis. |
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