A study shows that one million lives might be saved each year if people wash their hands with soap(肥皂) often. It also says that hand-washing with soap could be among the best ways to reduce diseases. Doctors say many diseases can be prevented from spreading by hand-washing. These include the common cold, influenza(流行感冒), hepatitis(肝炎), infectious diarrhea(腹泻) and so on.

    Doctors say you are easy to catch a cold by touching your nose or eyes after someone nearby has sneezed or coughed. Another reason to catch a disease is to eat food prepared by someone whose hands were not clean.

    They also say that hand-washing is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet, after touching money and sneezing or coughing. The most helpful way is to wash them together while using soap and warm water. You do not have to use special soap. Be sure to wash all areas of the hands for about ten to fifteen seconds.

Title : Basic Knowledge of hand-washing

Hi, Daming,

    You ask me about how to improve（提高） your English listening. Here are some advice(建议). I hope they can help you.

    Relax(放松) yourself.

    Before you start listening to something, don't get excited or nervous（紧张的）.You need to relax．This will help you with your listening.

    Listen carefully to the first sentence.

    The first sentence tells a lot about the whole passage．For example，if，at the beginning，you hear “Our reporter says…”,you know you will hear a piece of news，not a children's story, or a science report.

    Think when you're listening.

    When you're listening, try to do some thinking．For example, you can think of the following questions: When, where and how? What does the speaker want to tell us? In this way, you may understand the passage better.

    Listen to important facts.

    It's important for you to remember some important facts. For example, if the passage is a science report, you should try to remember its findings, and how the scientists get their results. This is also very helpful to your listening．

Yours,

Tom

    ［1］China's “four great new inventions” in modern times have made the daily life of the public more and more convenient. They are the high-speed railway(HSR), shopping online, shared bikes and mobile phone payment.

    ［2］Living in Hong Kong, I knew them from the papers, the TV and the Internet. But last month I had the chance to experience all of them.

    ［3］As usual, the golden week stopped the traffic. It was hard to get a railway ticket anywhere in the train stations. But I bought a train ticket to Beijing on the Internet and paid for it through Zhifubao. It was even cheaper than it was bought in the station. Then we got on the high-speed train. I was shocked at its speed and quietness. There was no noise which the train made while running. It was reported that China has the longest high-speed railway in the world, which is regarded as a “name card” for China.

    ［4］China's HSR has also gone abroad. In 2014, China finished building its first foreign high-speed rail in Turkey. In June 2015, China and Russia agreed to build the 770 km of high-speed railway connecting Moscow and Kazan. In October 2015, China helped Indonesia to build a high-speed rail between Jakarta and Bandung.

    ［5］Did I feel bored during the trip on the train? Not at all. I bought many cheap and good things in Taobao and Tmall on the Internet through my mobile phone. It's amazing that there are oceans of products in Taobao and Tmall.        ［6］Soon we arrived in Beijing. We got on a bus near the train station.     getting off the bus, my friend told me that the bus stop is far from his home. I thought we would have to spend much money going to his home on a taxi, but it seemed that he wasn't worried about that. He showed me some bikes on the side of the street. They are called shared bikes. We only need to use our mobile phones to scan(扫描) the QuickResponse code(二维码) on shared bikes, then we could ride the bikes anywhere we wanted to go. It was so cool!

    China had one of the earliest civilizations(文明) in the world. ⑶We know the Chinese had a written language as early as 1500 BC. You can see that Chinese writing is very different from the writing in other countries. The Chinese use a different character for each word. People in many countries have to learn only 26 letters but people in China have to memorize about 600 characters before they can do even basic reading and writing.

    A man in China, named Confucius(孔子), was teaching the people of China what they should and should not do. He was a great wise man. His teachings filled several books and became a way of life for the Chinese, and many other people in Asia. Confucius taught that people should listen to their kings, and also that rulers should take care of their people. He taught people to listen to their parents and teachers and to be kind to others. He said, “⑷Don't do to others what you would not want others to do to you.”

    Many inventions were made and used in China before the rest of the world even heard of them. By 600 AD the Chinese had invented printing. After a few centuries, they made the compass, which was a great help to sailors. A compass can tell north from south. The Chinese were the first to discover how to make explosive powder(火药).

    From all this, you can see that the Chinese were very busy making things that the rest of the world found really exciting and helpful when people learnt about them.

⑴⑵根据短文简要回答问题；⑶⑷将短文中划线的句子译成汉语；⑸请给短文拟一个适当的标题。

Tips for Studying English

    Different people have different study habits. The following tips have worked on a great number of people.

    Some of them may work on you; some of them won't.

Try them all and start your own habit.

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    Find a quiet place with enough room to study. Once you've found it, study there every time. It could be a desk in your bedroom, or the kitchen table. Lying down on your bed and studying is not a good habit.

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    Find the time you can concentrate（专心）best. Spend that time on study every day. However，you should be sure it is not so late at night.

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    Put your books，dictionaries and stationery in the same place. Make sure you can find everything you need right away when you go to study.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    Keep all your mind on you studies. When you study，turn off the TV and turn down music. Any other thoughts should also be set aside.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

    You should at least take a break every hour while studying. It can be five or ten minutes，but don't rest too long. Make sure you can concentrate at any time.