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题型:任务型阅读 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

江苏省南京市2019-2020学年高三上学期英语学情调研(零模)试卷

请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

    If you said you were suffering from "burnout" in the early 1970s, you might have raised some eyebrows.

    At the time, the term was informally to describe the side effects that heavy drug users experienced.

    However, in 1974, a German-American psychologist Herbert Freudenberger found the volunteers at his clinic were struggling, too: their work was tough, and many were lacking in motivation. Freudenberger defined this condition as a state of extreme tiredness caused by constant overwork-and borrowed the term "burnout" to describe it.

    Late last month, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the problem will be recognized as a syndrome (综合征) "resulting from workplace stress that has not been successfully managed."

    Feeling the burn so how can you tell if you're almost burned out?

    "A lot of the signs and symptoms of pre-burnout would be very similar to depression," says Siobhan Murray, a psychotherapist. She suggests looking out for bad habits, such as increased alcohol consumption and relying on sugar to get you through the day. Also watch out for feelings of tiredness that won't go away or not having the energy to exercise or go for a walk. As soon as you begin to feel this way, Murray advises going to see your doctor. "Depression and pre-burnout are very similar. But it is still classified as an occupational phenomenon which is still best tackled by making lifestyle changes."

    And how do you know if you're really on the edge of burnout? "Stress is really important, and anxiety is what motivates us to do well," says Murray. "It's when we're continually exposed to stress and anxiety that it starts to turn into burnout."

    You're pre-burnout: What's next?

    "Sometimes they feel the need to be too perfect so they're having to work very hard to cover up that they're not quite as good as everyone thinks." Another therapist Walker says.

    However, sometimes the work environment is the problem. According to a 2018 study of 7,500 US workers, burnout comes from unfair treatment at work, an unmanageable workload and not knowing what a person's role should involve. Workers were also stressed out by a lack of support from their manager and punreasonable time pressure.

    Whatever the cause of your burnout, Murray's top tip is to be kind to yourself.

    In Murray's experience, a key driver of burnout is today's culture of wanting it all. Often it's just not possible to have a healthy social life and complete a big project at the same time. She says it's vital to prioritize and not expect too much of yourself; when others seem like the perfect boss, parent and friend all at the same time, they're probably misleading us.

    If you feel that you might be close to joining the burnout club, take a step back, figure out what's going wrong-and let yourself off the hook.

Outline

Details

in the explanation of burnout

In the early 1970s, it referred to the side effects of drug .

Freudenberger used it to describe the state of those  volunteers under overworking conditions.

WHO will recognize it as a syndrome arising from the  to manage stress.

Symptoms of burnout

It shares some  with depression, such as tiredness and  of energy, due to people's continual exposure to stress and anxiety.

Causes of burnout

People are unwilling to admit that they are .

Companies can't favorable working conditions.

Approaches to  burnout

Be to yourself: accept what you are; step away from it.

举一反三
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。

Building Trust in a Relationship Again

        Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, {#blank#}1{#/blank#} .Trust is a risk. But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

Unfortunately, we've all been victims of betrayal. Whether we've been stolen from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore, {#blank#}2{#/blank#} . It's understandable, but if you're willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.

        {#blank#}3{#/blank#} having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.         

  • {#blank#}4{#/blank#} If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we'll have our trust tested or violated.
  •             You didn't lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
  •    A, Learn to really trust yourself.
  •    B, It is putting confidence in someone.
  •    C, Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
  •    D, Remember that you can expect the best in return.
  •    E, They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.
  •    F, This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
  •    G, Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.

七选五

    Positive thinkers don't only live happier lives,and have better health but they are also more likely to reach their goals. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Even if a negative thinker managed to succeed,his life is still going to be tough because he won't be able to enjoy the success he achieved.Then how to become a positive thinker?

    ●Stay around positive people.

    Have you ever felt bad for no reason just because you were around someone who was feeling bad? {#blank#}2{#/blank#} So one of the best ways to stay positive is to spend more time with positive people.

    ●Reduce the stress in your life.

    Stress isn't only harmful to your life but it can also change your opinion of the world. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} If you can spend enough time relaxing and restoring your energy each day,you will become a more positive person.

    ●Train your mental muscles.

    The more you think positively,the more likely your brain structure is going to change and the more naturally positive thoughts will come to you. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} The more you train your mind to think negatively,the more likely you will become a natural negative thinker.

    ● {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

    Read about the stories of successful people and watch movies that promote positive thinking.Whenever you get exposed to positive media your mind gets trained to think positively and as a result you will become a positive thinker.Avoid negative media at all costs for they can do the opposite to you.

A.Learn from successful people.

B.Get exposed to positive media.

C.The opposite also happens with negative thinking.

D.Start right now to train your mind on positive thinking.

E.People infect each other with their emotions and beliefs.

F.The more stressed you become,the more likely you are to worry.

G.Negative thinking ruins people's lives and prevents them from succeeding.

选择合适的选项完成短文。

Time for a Brainstorm

    A brainstorm is a session where a small group of people come together to solve a problem.People voice spontaneous ideas, sometimes just shouting , and a note-taker writes them all down.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}By getting different ideas out there, ideas are said to bounce off each other and even can help solve the problem at hand.Brainstorming is often a group exercise but individuals can also conduct personal brainstorms.

    {#blank#}2{#/blank#}He defined it as using the brain to storm a creative problem and do so in commando (突击队)fashion,with each stormer attacking the same objective.According to him,, it was easier to tone down a wild idea than think up a new one.He placed importance on the collection of as many ideas as possible and dismissed scientific thinking.

    Brainstorming has become one of the most popular ways to solve problems and hold discussion in schools and businesses.Many students brainstorm for a group assignment or even for a personal essay. Sarah Grace, 24, is an Australian marketing analyst and uses brainstorming during all her creative duties. She thinks brainstorming is the best way to work as a team.The sessions get everyone on the same page,everyone moving together and with a clear understanding about the foundations of an event or idea.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}

However, a big problem with brainstorming is creating a mess that leads people further away from a solution.{#blank#}4{#/blank#} If you don't have a strong moderator or leader of the brainstorm, can go really off track,and people just start discussing something totally different. Brainstorming can sometimes confuse the human brain. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} If you brainstorm too much and your page is filled up with all the messy links, you can paint yourself into a bit of comer and get trapped with ideas. You need to move past brainstorming as soon as you have something workable.

A.The ideas can be smart,strange or crazy.

B.It is caused by a lack of direction from a leader.

C.Brainstorming really helps her organize her thoughts.

D.Brainstorming really is the best way to build team spirit.

E.It can open too many doors and not suggest a clear direction.

F.Brainstorms were popularized in the 1940s by American advertising boss Alex Osborn..

G.They can be words, phrases, paragraphs and anything that can help answer the question.

任务型阅读

    Last week the electricity in my flat went out. I had just got home from work and was happily making my tea, when all a sudden I was surrounded by complete darkness. I tried to fix it but failed. I had to wait for an electrician to come in the morning{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    I sat down to eat my half-cooked dinner. And then I wasn't really sure what to do. My typical evening is spent watching the TV and looking through social media{#blank#}2{#/blank#} So for me it was an early night. And I couldn't help but think, do we rely too much on electricity? That night, losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity. As basic as running water{#blank#}3{#/blank#}I use electricity all the time, even when it's not really necessary.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}It contributes to global warming. It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it. Not only that, but if we continue to use the same large amount of energy we will soon run out.

    So, shouldn't we start preparing for it now? Cutting back on our use of electricity would make losing it easier, and also save energy resources so that they could last for longer{#blank#}5{#/blank#} And if everyone does the same, we can make a big difference.

A. Tonight this wasn't possible.

B. Obviously, we can't survive without it.

C. Our over-use of electricity is a big problem.

D. This left me a whole night without any electricity.

E. Electricity brings us convenience and trouble.

F. But really, we've grown to take electricity for granted.

G. I know for sure that I could cut down on my use of electricity.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, red? {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings.{#blank#}2{#/blank#} If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day.{#blank#}4{#/blank#} A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides(自杀) than any other bridge in the area——until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#} It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.

A. On the other hand, black is depressing.

B. They tell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favourite colour as grow up——we are born with our preference.

C. The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.

D. If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement.

E. Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.

F. Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.

G. Colours do influence our moods—there is no doubt about it.

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意:每个空格只填一个单词。

    Sometimes willpower is a lot like the television remote control- hard to find just when you want it most. Whether you're trying to lose weight, stop smoking, get to the gym regularly, developing your sense of willpower is an important part of changing any behavior. Breaking a bad habit or forming a new and healthy one can be difficult. But there are ways to increase your willpower.

    Don't try to change your social situation, win a high position and lose weight all on the same morning. Set one clear, specific goal and make a realistic plan for achieving it. Extra willpower sometimes requires extra energy, so don' push yourself too hard. Focus on one goal at time.

    Whatever your goal is, don't expect to achieve it immediately. If you are trying to break a caffeine habit, start by replacing your morning cup of coffee with a glass of water, instead of vowing (发誓) never to drink coffee again Congratulate yourself on the small achievements that will lead to a larger one. These successes help your willpower grow.

    Improve your willpower by a support network. Ask friends, family or colleagues for help and tell them exactly how they can help. If your credit card bills have increased sharply, for example, let friends know that you are reducing costs. Suggest having a common dinner instead of meeting at an expensive restaurant Find a support group or organization related to your goal and attend their meetings. You can get valuable advice, understanding and information there.

    If possible, change your environment to encourage positive behavior. Want to get in shape? Keep an extra set of workout clothes in your office as a reminder to stop by the gym on the way home. Giving up smoking? Don't go to bars or restaurants where you might be attracted to light up.

    Sometimes changing your behavior requires more than willpower. If you are struggling with a bad habit or want to make an important lifestyle change, seek the support of a professional. An expert may be able to provide related support or medical treatment if necessary.

Outline

Supporting details

Brief introduction

{#blank#}1{#/blank#} your sense of willpower is an important part of changing any behavior.

{#blank#}2{#/blank#}to increase willpower

First things first

{#blank#}3{#/blank#} doing too many things at the same time.

◆Set a clear, specific goal; make a realistic plan.

◆Don't be too{#blank#}4{#/blank#} on yourself.

◆Focus on one goal at a time.

Slow start

Real success {#blank#}5{#/blank#}time.

◆Actions speak louder than words.

◆Congratulate yourself on the small achievements, which will {#blank#}6{#/blank#}to a larger one.

Support teamwork

Improve your willpower by a support network.

{#blank#}7{#/blank#} to friends, family or colleagues and tell them exactly how they can help.

◆Find a support group or organization related to your goal and attend their meetings, {#blank#}8{#/blank#}you can get valuable advice.

Changing your{#blank#}9{#/blank#}.

If possible, make changes to encourage positive behavior.

Professional support

Changing your behavior requires more than willpower.

◆Seek the guidance and support of a professional if you have{#blank#}10{#/blank#} breaking a bad habit.

◆Receive medical treatment if necessary.

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