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题型:阅读理解 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

上海市嘉定区2019届高三英语二模试卷(音频暂未更新)

Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

    Escaping predators (食肉动物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.

    In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. "We were surprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on marine ecosystems are," he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical (热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.

    A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons: First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth.

    Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. After all, he says, "they all have to breathe."

    Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp (虾) move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. "Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and performance," he says.

(1)、According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most?
A、The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean. B、The survival of predators and various marine animals. C、The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean. D、The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.
(2)、Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean?
A、Polar ice melting consumes much oxygen in the ocean. B、Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air. C、The surface polar ice water prevents oxygen going down. D、Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.
(3)、What can be inferred from the passage?
A、Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals' natural territories. B、Ocean acidification is more serious a problem than deoxygenation. C、Not all ocean animals are bothered by the decreasing oxygen levels. D、Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.
(4)、Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A、The Oxygen Levels of Marine Life B、Ocean Warming Affects Food Web C、The Survivability of Ocean Animals D、The Ocean Is Running Out of Breath
举一反三
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    On a hot summer day, there are few things that are more wonderful than a nice cool pool.

    {#blank#}1{#/blank#}And it is completely relaxing. Of course, if you have children, there are certain measures you should take to keep them safe, whether you have a pool in your backyard or you are going to a public pool.

    People should never swim by themselves. Actually it only takes a second for people to become injured and drown(溺水). {#blank#}2{#/blank#}This is especially true for young children.

    Splashing(玩水) is fun, but don't take it too far. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}Kids love to go after one another through the water and to splash and jump around. But it is important to teach children not to jump on top of one another and to watch their surroundings in the water, so that they do not accidentally knock into others.

    If you have a pool, you must have a locking gate around your pool. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}Keep the gate knocked at all times, even when you are in the pool.

    Know the way out. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Make sure that they know where all ladders are and how to enter and get out of the pool properly. Although your children may be able to lift themselves out of the pool using the side, that is not the safest way to go.

A.Kids should be taken good care of when they are swimming in the pool.

B.This is to prevent children from entering your pool without your knowledge.

C.And having someone there with you can make the difference between life and death.

D. Be sure to show all children the proper way to get out of the pool.

E.Even so, attempt to avoid getting any pool water into your mouth.

F. Jumping into the water seems like the perfect way to deal with the heat.

G. .Playing around in the pool can be a lot of fun.

阅读理解

The Square

    Jack Dorsey, the co-inventor of Twitter, is promoting his latest invention called the Square. The square is a small plug-in attachment to your mobile phone that allows you to receive credit card payments.

    The idea starting from Dorsey's friend Jim McKelvey who was unable to sell some glass work to a customer because he couldn't accept a particular card being used.

    Accepting credit card payments for something you're selling isn't always easy, especially if you are mobile like a tradesman, or delivery service at a trade show.

    This latest invention uses a small scanner that plugs into the audio input item on a mobile device. It reads information on a credit card when it is swiped(刷卡). The information is not stored on the device but sent over secure channels to banks. It basically makes any mobile phone a cash register for accepting card payments.

    As a payer, you receive a receipt via email that can be instantly accessed securely online. You can also use a text message to authorize payment in real time. Retailers can create a payer account for their customers which speeds the payment process. For example, a cardholder can assign a photo to their card so their photo will appear on the phone for visual identity confirmation. Mobile devices with touch screens will also allow you to sign for goods.

    There are no contracts, monthly fees, or hidden costs to accept card payments using Square and it is expected the plug-in attachment will also be free of charge.

    As with Twitter, it's expected that Dorsey will direct the company based upon feedback from users. Square Inc. has offices in San Francisco, Saint Louis and New York and is currently beta testing the invention with retailers in the United States.

阅读理解

    Drive through any suburb in the U.S. today,and it's hard to miss the bins that have become companions to America's trash cans.Recycling has become commonplace,as people recognize the need to care for the environment. Yet most people's recycling consciousness extends only as far as paper,bottles,and cans.People seldom find themselves facing the growing problem of e-waste.

    E-waste rapidly increases as the techno-fashionable frequently upgrade to the most advanced devices,and the majority of them end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地).Some people who track such waste say that users throw away nearly 2 million tons of TVs,VCRs,computers,cell phones,and other electronics every year.Unless we can find a safe replacement,this e-waste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins(毒素),such as lead, mercury,and arsenic.Burning the waste also dangerously contaminates the air.

    However,e-waste often contains reusable silver.gold.and other electrical materials.Recycling these materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both landfill waste and the need to look for such metals,which can destroy ecosystems.

    A growing number of states have adopted laws to ban dumping e-waste.Still,less than a quarter of this refuse will reach lawful recycling programs.Some companies advertising safe disposal(处置)in fact merely ship the waste to some developing countries,where it still ends up in landfills.These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an out-of-sight,out-of-mind location.

    However,the small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle e-waste responsibly represents progress toward making the world a cleaner,better place for us all.

 阅读理解

Can you imagine there being a community where boys and girls growing up together can finally speak different languages? In Ubang Nigeria, it really happens. It's not exactly clear what percentage of the words in the men's and women's languages are different, but there are enough examples to make sentences sound different when spoken by the opposite sex. For "clothing", men use the word "nki", while women say "ariga"; "kitchi" means tree for men, while women say "okweng". These are not just some slight pronunciation differences, but totally different words. "It's almost like two different lexicons (词汇集)," a language expert, Chi Chi Undle said. "There are a lot of words that men and women share in common, but there are others which are totally different depending on your sex. They don't sound alike, and don't have the same letters. They are completely different words."

Interestingly, both men and women are able to understand each other perfectly in Ubang, as both boys and girls grow up around their parents and get to learn both languages, but by the age of 10, boys are expected to speak in the male tongue. It seems that there is a stage the male will reach and he discovers he is not using the rightful language. When he starts speaking the men's language, you know the maturity is coming into him.

No one really knows how or why the double-language tradition of Ubang began. Chi Chi Undie believes the two languages are the result of a "double-sex culture" where men and women operate in two separate spheres (范围) and live in separate worlds that rarely come together. However, she admits this is a weak theory, as the double-sex culture is present in many parts of Africa, where there are no different languages for men and women.

Today, with English words constantly entering the lexicon of young Nigerians, Ubang's two languages are in danger of being lost forever. Worse still, neither the male nor female language is written down, so they both rely on young people passing them down to the next generation.

 阅读短文,从方框中选出正确的词并用其适当形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一词。

see relax north plant show health with but much science

The "Great Green Wall of China" project is over forty years old. In this project, people plant trees in {#blank#}1{#/blank#} part of China. Why are trees so important to us?

Because it is healthy to live around trees. They can keep us {#blank#}2{#/blank#}, just like doctors. So we call them "doctor trees".

Trees can clean the air. For people in large cities {#blank#}3{#/blank#} air pollution, trees can be very important. Workers are {#blank#}4{#/blank#} trees not just in city parks {#blank#}5{#/blank#} also along streets to help clean the air.

Some {#blank#}6{#/blank#} think that trees not just help clean the air. They are also good for our health. A study {#blank#}7{#/blank#} that people in hospitals feel better when {#blank#}8{#/blank#} trees from their rooms. And people with trees near their homes usually exercise more.

Scientists are also studying the healthy effects (作用) of trees on human minds. One effect of trees is that they make people feel happy and {#blank#}9{#/blank#}. When people go through the neighborhood with more trees, they will walk slower and talk {#blank#}10{#/blank#} often with each other.

Of course, another good effect is that "doctor trees" work for free! Writing 3

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