【背景知识】数轴是初中数学的一个重要工具,利用数轴可以将数与形完美地结合.研究数轴我们发现了许多重要的规律:若数轴上点A,B 表示的数分别为a,b,则A,B两点之间的距离.
.若
, 则可简化为
.线段AB 的中点表示的数为
.
![](http://tikupic.21cnjy.com/2025/01/09/a0/36/a0363a208037f8dd6f723f04dfdf65ec.png)
【感受新知】
如图①,数轴上点A 表示的数为-2,点B 表示的数为8,点P 从点A 出发,以每秒3个单位长度的速度沿数轴向右匀速运动,同时点Q从点B 出发,以每秒2个单位长度的速度向左匀速运动.设运动时间为
求当t 为何值时, ![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EQ%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E.%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
解:由【背景知识】可得A,B两点间的距离. ![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E-%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfenced%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E-%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfenced%3E%3Cmo%3E-%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E-%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
线段AB 的中点表示的数为 ![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E-%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E.%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
当点 P,Q 运动t(s)时,点 P 表示的数为
, 点Q 表示的数为8-2t,
所以 ![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EQ%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E-%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfenced%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E-%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfenced%3E%3Cmo%3E-%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfenced%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E-%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfenced%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E-%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E.%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
当
时, ![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E-%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
所以10-5t=5或 ![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E-%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
解得t=1或 ![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
所以当t为1或3时,
.
【学以致用】
如图②,点M 从点A 出发,以每秒3个单位长度的速度沿数轴向右匀速运动,同时点 N 从点B 出发,以每秒4个单位长度的速度向左匀速运动,设运动时间为t(s)(t>0).