11. 历史上第一个给出函数一般定义的是19世纪德国数学家狄利克雷(Dirichlet),当时数学家们处理的大部分数学对象都没有完全的严格的定义,数学家们习惯借助于直觉和想象来描述数学对象,狄利克雷在1829年给出了著名函数:
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ef%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtable+columnalign%3D%22left%22%3E%3Cmtr+columnalign%3D%22left%22%3E%3Cmtd+columnalign%3D%22left%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%88%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmtext%3EQ%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmtd%3E%3C%2Fmtr%3E%3Cmtr+columnalign%3D%22left%22%3E%3Cmtd+columnalign%3D%22left%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%88%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EQ%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmtd%3E%3C%2Fmtr%3E%3C%2Fmtable%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
(其中
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EQ%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
为有理数集,
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmi%3EQ%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
为无理数集),狄利克雷函数的出现表示数学家们对数学的理解发生了深刻的变化,数学的一些“人造”特征开始展现出来,这种思想也标志着数学从研究“算”转变到了研究“概念、性质、结构”.一般地,广义的狄利克雷函数可定义为:
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtable+columnalign%3D%22left%22%3E%3Cmtr+columnalign%3D%22left%22%3E%3Cmtd+columnalign%3D%22left%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%88%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmtext%3EQ%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmtd%3E%3C%2Fmtr%3E%3Cmtr+columnalign%3D%22left%22%3E%3Cmtd+columnalign%3D%22left%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%88%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EQ%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmtd%3E%3C%2Fmtr%3E%3C%2Fmtable%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
(其中
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%88%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmstyle+mathvariant%3D%22bold%22+mathsize%3D%22normal%22%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmstyle%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
且
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%89%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
),以下对
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
说法正确的是( )