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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

浙江省东阳中学2018-2019学年高二上学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读理解

    People who increased the number of times they chewed their food before swallowing ate less each meal, according to a new study.

    Slow eaters tend to be slimmer. Before the study, the researchers didn't know whether asking people to chew more would change the amount of food they ate. But they found meal sizes became smaller when adults chewed more before swallowing——whether they were slim, normal-weight, overweight or obese.

    “The study proves the benefits of taking time to chew food well,” said dietitian Brown Giggs.

    The participants were asked to eat five pizza rolls and count the number of times they chewed each roll. Researchers did not tell them what exactly was being tested in the study. 47 people went on to finish the study. 10 were slim, 10 were normal-weight, 27 were overweight. Those participants attended three weekly lunchtime test periods. Each day, researchers gave them 60 pizza rolls and told them to eat until they were full. Depending on the period, researchers asked people to chew every bite the same number of times as at their test visit, 50% more or twice as many times.

    Slim participants ate more slowly than normal-weight and overweight participants. Overall, people spent more time eating when they increased the number of times they chewed. The participants rated their appetite (食欲) the same after each meal even though slower chewing reduced how much they ate.

    Researchers noted that the study was conducted under lab conditions, so it's not clear whether it would adapt to normal life. The researchers are now looking to see whether how fast people eat, for example, influences how much they eat. “It takes about 20 minutes for the brain to signal your stomach that you're full,” Brown Riggs said.

    “Fast eaters can eat a large amount of food within that 20-minute period causing more calories, which can lead to being overweight or obesity.”

(1)、What does the passage tell us?
A、Slim people should take time to chew food well. B、People should eat slowly if they want to be slim. C、The amount of food people eat depends on the times they chew it. D、People's appetite is deeply influenced by the times they chew the food.
(2)、In the study, participants were told to________.
A、take more calories from the pizza rolls B、eat five portions of pizza rolls every day C、understand the purpose of the test D、control the times they chewed the pizza rolls
(3)、What can we infer from the last but one paragraph?
A、The normal-weight ones ate the most slowly among the participants. B、The longer time a person eats for, the more times he chews. C、A person's eating speed doesn't affect his appetite for food. D、The quantity of food a person takes has something to do with his appetite.
(4)、Participants in the study reduced their food amount probably because they _______.
A、didn't like eating food containing lots of calories B、had less space in their stomach to contain too much food C、had enough time to receive the signal of being full from their brain D、were not used to eating food in the lab conditions
举一反三
阅读理解

    Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours

    Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

    Duration: 3 hours

    This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!

    Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour

    Duration:3 hours (4 miles)

    Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.

Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.

    Duration:3 hours

    Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.

Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour

    Duration:3 hours (7 miles)

    Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.

阅读理解

    Minecraft, a video game with which you can build virtual(虚拟的) worlds, will be used in the classroom. Microsoft bought the game from its Swedish creator for 2.5 billion dollars. Now, the software(软件) company wants to offer schools a special educational version(版本).

    MinecraftEdu is an add-on to the game, which has specially created by teachers for classroom use. While thousands of classes around the world are already using Minecraft in their lessons, Microsoft wants to make it easier for schools to use the software.

    Minecraft is a game that can be used in many subjects, including maths, science and geography. Microsoft wants to add new features to the educational version, for example letting students take photos and putting them into an online diary. The new version will allow children to download the game and at home without having to pay more money for it. Microsoft is expected to ask students and teachers for about 5 dollars a year to use the game in school and at home.

    According to Microsoft, Minecraft has 100 million players around the world. It has become one of the best-selling games of all times. Pupils can create their own virtual worlds with the help of special building blocks. Joy Morsi, a New York high school teacher, says that Minecraft helps develop the imagination of children in the classroom. Besides, teachers around the world create new things and share them with others, so that the Minecraft community keeps growing.

    Microsoft plans to make the game of available to pupils and students of all ages, from primary school through to college. the company plans to add Minecraft to an Office 365 account(账户), so that it can also sell more of its Office software.

阅读理解

    If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple — eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them.

    During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time.

    The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory — where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food's role in earning trust.

    In a test, participants were told to watch TV — where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble (咬), while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked.

    The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too.

    The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions (交易) from the start.”

    Harley Street psychologist Dr. Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.”

阅读理解

    A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87% of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98% by 2020.

One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety” —drivers' concerns about running out of petrol on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. In fact, charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA.

    Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric cars met with doubt, and their high price drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity(电池容量), recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics.

    As well as progress on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the sea and sky. Electric boats are among the oldest electric vehicles, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric planes are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes. The experiments could soon make electric flight a reality.

    Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions(排放物). Were the US to act on the study's findings and replace 87 percent of its cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 per cent. However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim to be completely emission-free. Even so, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner.

阅读理解

    As early as 2005, there were a number of new stories about dog cloning(克隆) and cat cloning. Animal cloning had been old news for nearly a decade by then, with the revolutionary (革命的) cloning of Dolly the sheep in Scotland.

    However, Snuppy was the first pet, a dog, to be cloned. Since the cloning of Snuppy, there has been some very successful cloning of pets and other animals. Lou Hawthorne started BioArts while cloning his beloved mixed-breed dog Missy. Hawthorne was very pleased with the results of the cloning, producing three successful clones that were very alike to the original in character and behavior. In January, 2009, a Florida couple, Ed and Nina Otto, announced that they had paid to have their dog cloned by BioArts.

    All new technology is overpriced. For example, personal computers were not very affordable at first. Only after the producing process was improved was it possible for every family to have a computer. How much room there will be for organizations to reduce the price point on pet cloning without broad demand is of course questionable.

    There are many great dogs and cats that can be found at the local dog pound (野狗收容所) or are given away for "free to good homes" in classified ads (分类广告). However, there is no limit to the value people place on a beloved pet. The Ottos are a good example of that. If people can buy a dog or cat with predictable behavior and characteristics, there is value in that. There is a predictable market here, though it may always be limited in size.

    While pet cloning has not taken off as some hoped, it's clear that it will become a bigger market in the future and it will be increasingly possible for people to try this out. With the inevitable (不可避免的) success that cloned pet owners will have, the practice will become more widely accepted and it seems inevitable that there is a future for cloned dogs and cats.

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