题型:阅读理解 题类: 难易度:普通
河南省新乡市2024届高三下学期三模英语试题
If you've ever seen a sparrow steal your dog food or a crow open a garbage bag, you get a sense of that some birds have learned to take advantage of new feeding opportunities—a clear sign of their intelligence. Scientists have long wondered why certain species of birds are more innovative than others, and whether these capacities stem from larger brains or from a greater number of neurons(神经元)in specific areas of the brain.
It turns out that it's a bit of both, according to a recent study by an international team that included members from McGill University published in Nature Ecology and Evolution.
The researchers used a new technique to estimate the number of neurons in a specific part of the brain called the pallium in 111 bird species. The pallium in birds is equal to the human cerebral cortex(大脑皮层), which is involved in memory, learning, reasoning, and problem-solving, among other things. When these estimates about neuron numbers in the pallium were combined with information about over 4,000 feeding innovations, the team found that the species with the higher numbers of neurons in the pallium were also likely to be the most innovative.
"The amount of time chicks spend in the nest as their brains develop might also play a crucial role in the evolution of intelligence," says McGill University Emeritus Professor Louis Lefebvre who spent more than 20 years gathering examples of feeding innovations. "Larger species of crows and parrots, which are known for their intelligence, spend longer in the nest, which allows more time for the brain to grow and accumulate pallial neurons."
The results of the study help to deal with previously opposed views of the evolution and significance of brain size and show how a life-history perspective helps to understand the evolution of cognition.
Favorite Books for Kids
◆Me and Marvin Gardens by A. S. King Image Source: Scholastic This middle-grade novel is perfect for introducing kids to recycling, but with a fun science fiction story. Obe lives on his family's farmhouse that was built a hundred years ago-and now it's being taken over by developers. While adventuring on the land, he discovers a creature, Marvin Gardens, which only eats plastic. Kids will love this charming story. Available from Amazon, $11.89 | |
Wrinkle in Time: A Guide to the Universe by Kari Sutherland Image Source: Disney Publishing World Wide Kids may get excited to see A Wrinkle in Time. While the original novel may be too hard of a read for them right now, they can dive into the fantastical world the film takes place in with this awesome guide to the characters and locations. Available from Amazon on March 6, $11.04 | |
◆Rivers of Sunlight by Molly Bang and Penny Chisholm Image Source: Scholastic Get kids going green with a little help from this educational picture book! Filled with excellent artwork and helpful explanations, these pages are filled with important lessons about the Earth. Kids will learn about how the sun keeps the ocean currents(流)moving and how the sun can power all living things—it's pretty amazing. Available from Amazon, $7.67 | |
◆How to Code a Sandcastle by Josh Funk Image Source: Penguin Random House Pearl's sandcastle keeps getting ruined by puppies (who could be mad at that?). So she teams up with her Robot friend Pascal to solve the problem with code(编码). Combining the fun of building a sandcastle with the discovery of coding, a future engineer will love paging through this story. Available from Amazon on May15, $16.99 |
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