题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
福建省南平市2017-2018学年高一下学期英语期末质量检测试卷
In his research work, Philosophical Investigations(哲学调查), Ludwig Wittgenstein tries to clarify(澄清)some of the problems in people's thinking about how the mind works.
Imagine, he says, that everyone has a small box in which they keep a beetle(甲壳虫). No one is allowed to look in anyone else's box, only in their own. Over time, people talk about what is in their boxes and the word “beetle” comes to stand for what is in everyone's box. Through this example, Wittgenstein point out that the beetle is very much like an individual's(个体的)mind; no one can know exactly what it is like to be another person or experience things from another's point of view—look in someone else's “box”—but it is general considered that the mental working of another person's mind is very similar to that of our own. However, it does not really matter—he argues—what is in the box or whether everyone indeed has a beetle, since there is no way of checking or comparing. In a sense, the word “beetle” simply means “what is in the box”. From this point of view, the mind is simply “what is in the box”, or rather “what is in your head”.
Wittgenstein considers language to have meaning because of public usage. In other words, when we talk of having a mind—or a beetle—we are using a term that we have learned through conversation. The concept might be perceived(感知)differently in each of our minds, so the word “mind” cannot be used to refer specifically to some entity(本质)outside of our own conception(概念), since we cannot see into other people's boxes.
You don't need to spend a long layover(短暂停留) in a passenger lounge. Some airports offer free or lowcost local tours to connecting passengers. "If you have a five or sixhour layover, you can easily see several things, "said Brendan Dorsey of The Points Guy, a site devoted to traveling on points and miles. Some tours have fees, and it's important to check on visa requirements. Incheon Airport, South Korea South Korea's main airport makes it simple to visit the capital city of Seoul. Passengers can tour temples, caves and palaces, or even sign up for downtown shopping. "You only need a couple hours, "Dorsey says." It's a stressfree way to see the city. |
Istanbul Airport Istanbul recently opened a new $12 billion airport, but continues a long tradition of free tours for passengers on its flagship airline, Turkish Airlines. Passengers with at least a sixhour layover can hit top historic districts and have a chance to sample Turkish food. And those with a layover of more than 20 hours may even be offered for a free hotel stay. |
Narita Airport, Japan With just a few hours in Japan, you still have time to dress up like a samurai or ninja on one of several Englishspeaking trips offered by the airport. Along with a cosplay visit to a historic theme park, visitors can tour temples, take a nature hike or sample a homestyle Japanese meal. Tours are free but don't include the cost of public transportation or entrance fees. |
Taoyuan International Airport, Taiwan If your layover lasts from seven to 24 hours, you're offered free tours of the island. Passengers can store their bags at the airport, freeing them up to take their choice of two halfday city tours provided by the Taiwan Tourism Bureau. Tours can be booked on arrival but often fill up, making reservations advisable. |
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