题型：阅读表达 题类：真题 难易度：普通
北京市2018年中考英语试卷
When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?
In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for“fail”.The word“fail”happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact”．Some schools have U grade for“unsatisfactory”,or I grade for “incomplete”.
Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.
The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897, they began to use the following grading scale:
A: 95-100%(excellent) B: 85-94%(good) C: 76-84%(fair)
D: 75%(barely passed) E: below 75%(failed)
We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.
Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F.There is no evidence(证据) to really support this, but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”.
Why do we have letter grades? Well, part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began,growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.
Today, more and more people argue that letter grades don't fully reflect(反映) student learning. However，as teachers try to improve grading methods, many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids, they are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren't going away any time soon.
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{#blank#}1{#/blank#}Every day, in homes all over the world, people leave lights on when no one is in the room. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}Air conditioners are usually set at too low temperatures in summer. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}A lot of water is wasted by using too much. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}We'll have less and less gas to use because more people buy cars. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}People, especially children, watch TV for too many hours. |
A. Try our best to make friends with the countries in the Middle East and ask them to give us more gas in the future. B. We should walk to work, ride a bike to school, and take a bus home more often instead of driving cars. C. Encourage people to do more outdoor activities in their free time. Get children to learn more from reading books. D. Plants more trees and grass around our houses. Ask people not to cut down the trees. Use your handkerchief instead of using paper napkins. E. In rooms where you have an air conditioner, you can save electricity by cleaning the filter (滤波器). A filter uses 30% more energy when it is dirty. Also, set the air conditioner at 26 degrees. F. Always keep the saying in mind "Turn off lights before leaving." G. Take a shower instead of a bath, for a bath uses twice as much as water. Don't flush (冲洗) the toilet unnecessarily. |
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A. Go to the Doctors as soon as possible. B. But do you know how to deal with this emergency（突发事件）. C. Cover the burn Area. D. Protect Yourself. E. Wash and clear burn area. F. What's the matter? |
{#blank#}1{#/blank#}
Just before the Midnight on Aug. 12th, 2015, a big explosion（大爆炸）hit the port City of Tianjin, China. Lots of people were injured by the explosion. Some of them suffered from chemical burns（灼伤）.
{#blank#}2{#/blank#}
Put on gloves or protection suit（防护衣）. If possible. Avoid exposing yourself to chemical.
{#blank#}3{#/blank#}
Keep the burn area in cold water for at least 20 minutes.
Don't use a strong stream（水流） of water, if possible.
Don't try to deal the burn area with other ways before you see a doctor.
Don't put antibiotic ointment（抗生素药膏） on the burn. This could cause a chemical Reaction（化学反应） that worsens the burn.
{#blank#}4{#/blank#}
You can cover a small burn with dry, sterile gauze
（消毒纱布）or clean cloth to protect it from being infected（感染）.
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Though we can deal with this emergency by ourselves. We are not the doctors. So we must see the doctors for help us with the burn. The sooner you see the doctor, the safer you will be.
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A. They can beat their wings the fastest on the Earth. B. Cacao trees don't like being in the sun. C. The seeds are first dried. D. The flowers are white and have small petals (花瓣). |
Everyone loves chocolate- kids and grown-ups alike, and no matter what your age is, you are sure to enjoy learning more about chocolate. Read on to learn some fun facts.
All the chocolate we eat comes from a special plant- the cacao tree. These trees produce a special kind of seeds. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Then they are used to make chocolate.
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} So they grow best when under the branches(树枝) of taller trees in the forest. They won't begin to bear fruit, however, until they are at least three to five years old. Cacao trees produce beautiful flowers all the year round. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} A kind of small flies pollinate(对......授粉) these small flowers. These flies are so small that they easily stand on the head of a needle(针状物). They beat their wings very fast—1, 000 beats a second! {#blank#}4{#/blank#} A cacao pod(可可果) has about 30—50 seeds. This is enough to make about seven milk chocolate candy bars!
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