题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
甘肃省兰州市第一中学2017-2018学年高二下学期英语期中考试试卷
The Lost Rules of Etiquette
Etiquette, or good manners, used to be the glue that held society togetherSadly, these days it has mostly gone by the wayside. This list is several best rules of etiquette that have now disappeared.
Opening the Door
In days gone by, a gentleman would always open doors for ladiesThis has now almost entirely disappeared-- and it is pot entirely the fault of the men. I have seen women laugh at men for opening a door for them. They seem to be confusing manners with chauvinism(大男子主义).
Writing Thank-You Notes
In days gone by, whenever a person received a gift, they would write a thank-you note as soon as possibleParents would sit children down after a birthday or Christmas and coach them in their first thank-you note. It is a shame that gift giving has now become a virtual obligation and the idea of a thank-you note would be laughed at.
We seem to have completely lost the concept of correct timing when it comes to parties these days After all, a party normally has a guest of honor-this is usually the oldest woman present. It was considered extremely rude in the past to leave a party before the guest of honor-and once the guest of honor left, it was a signal to all that they should begin their own preparations to leave.
A. Arriving on Time.
B. Leaving at the Right Time.
C. People leave with various excuses.
D. It enabled people to get on well with each other.
E. This rule was true even if the giver was a relative.
F. It could be the lady they were driving, or a stranger.
G. We've thrown away the concept of a guest of honor at will.
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How to Survive Embarrassing Moments
Have you ever done something embarrassing? At that moment, you probably wished you could disappear into thin air. Unfortunately, embarrassing things happen to everyone at one time or another. The good news? You can keep the damage to the minimum.Here's some help.
Laugh it off
You're staring at your crush (意中人) so hard that you walk into a wall.You trip over your own feet and drop all your books.The best thing you can do? As long as you're not seriously hurt, laugh it off.Say like "Hey, I can teach you to do that if you want to!" or "It took me years to learn that!" By laughing at yourself, you show people you're confident and still in control of the situation.That's bound to make a stronger impression than the fact that you dropped a stack of books.
Move on
Some situations are too personal to laugh off.Your underwear falls out of your backpack. Your bathing suit falls off in the pool.You pass gas while giving a presentation.Making a joke would just call more attention to what happened — and that's the last thing you want.What now? You can just pretend nothing happened and go back to what you were doing, or you can acknowledge it with a "Oh, that was awkward" and then move on.
If there's a joker who thinks it's a good idea to point out how badly you just embarrassed yourself, fix him with a glare and then go back to whatever you were doing.Tell yourself he's a little bug on the ground, not even worth thinking about.Remind yourself that it's over, done.Move on.
Apologize and move on
Some embarrassing situations pack a double punch.Not only do you embarrass yourself, but you make someone else feel bad.You say to a friend that another friend is such a copycat, and then realize the copycat is standing right behind you.You imitate your teacher's unusual accent just as the teacher walks in.Now you're embarrassed and they're mad or hurt.
Making a joke now would make the situation even worse, so don't go there.Although you might feel like running away or even crying, neither of those responses will make you look better.Instead, apologize, "I'm so sorry.That was really mean of me."
If you've been disrespectful to a teacher or a parent, accept whatever consequences without complaint.If you've hurt a friend, do your best to make it up to them.Once you've done all you can to make things right again, move on.If someone else brings it up, just say, "I feel bad enough about that —can we just let it go, please?"
The next time you're stuck in an embarrassing moment, remind yourself that you're a strong person and you can get through this.Stay calm and act confident and the moment will pass.
Topic | It is true that we cannot {#blank#}1{#/blank#} getting embarrassed. | |
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} on how to keep the damage to the minimum | Laugh it off | Laugh it off {#blank#}3{#/blank#} you are seriously hurt. Laughing at yourself helps show your {#blank#}4{#/blank#}, which will make a deeper impression than your embarrassment. |
Move on | In some embarrassing situations, you can just move on after {#blank#}5{#/blank#} it with a “Oh, that was awkward.” If someone points out your embarrassment and laugh at you, {#blank#}6{#/blank#} at him and continue what you are doing. Tell yourself that those who laugh at you are not {#blank#}7{#/blank#} of your consideration. | |
Make an {#blank#}8{#/blank#} and than move on | If you show disrespect for teachers or parents, face consequences rather than {#blank#}9{#/blank#}. Make things right again and move on. If someone else {#blank#}10{#/blank#} your mistake, tell him that you hope to let it go. | |
Conclusion | Stay calm and act confident and you'll survive embarrassing moments. |
The Cost of Thinking
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals (哺乳动物) weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull (倾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes (类人猿) require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee (黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.
The Cost of Thinking |
|
Introduction |
•Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two {#blank#}1{#/blank#} of human beings. |
The {#blank#}2{#/blank#} of large human brains |
•The larger brains may not be better because of the cost. •The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy. •The animal brain requires less {#blank#}3{#/blank#}when the body is at rest. •Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles. |
The {#blank#}4{#/blank#} of walking upright |
•Walking upright makes it easy to find food or {#blank#}5{#/blank#}against enemies. •Freed hands can serve some {#blank#}6{#/blank#} purpose and perform complex tasks. |
•Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and {#blank#}7{#/blank#} the size of brains. •Walking upright results in {#blank#}8{#/blank#} sufferings. |
|
Conclusion |
• With a large brain, human beings {#blank#}9{#/blank#} other beings in terms of intelligence. • Weak and marginal, human beings remained {#blank#}10{#/blank#} of meat-eating animals. |
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