题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
江苏省高邮市2018-2019学年度高二下学期英语期中考试试卷(音频暂未更新)
Most people have a list of wishes—things that they think will bring them happiness. Happiness lists are easy to come up with. However, the mechanism behind them is somewhat complicated, since it involves what psychologist Daniel Gilbert calls the greatest achievement of the human brain—the ability to imagine. To imagine what will bring joy to our future selves requires mental time travel, which is a unique human skill resulting from two million years of evolution. We use this skill every day, predicting our future emotions and then making decisions, whether big or small, according to our forecasts of how they'll make our future selves feel.
Yet, our imagination often fails us. When we're lucky enough to get what we wished for, we discover that it doesn't come with everlasting happiness. And when the things we feared come to pass, we realize that they don't crush us after all. In dozens of studies, Gilbert has shown that we can mispredict emotional consequences of positive events, such as receiving gifts or winning football games, as much as negative events, like breaking up or losing an election. This impact bias(影响偏差) —overestimation of the intensity and duration of our emotional reactions to future events—is significant, because the prediction of the duration of our future emotions is what often shapes our decisions, including those concerning our happiness.
Just as our immune systems work tirelessly to keep our bodies in good health, our psychological immune systems routinely employ an entire set of cognitive(认知) mechanisms in order to deal with life's habitual attack of less-than-pleasant circumstances. Actually, our psychological immune system has an impressive feature of its own: the ability to produce happiness. Thus, when life disappoints us, we "ignore, transform, and rearrange" information through a variety of creative strategies until the rough edges of negative effects have been dutifully dulled. When we fail to recognize this ability of our psychological immune systems to produce happiness, we're likely to make errors in our affective forecasting.
Happiness, Gilbert points out, is a fast moving target. As passionate as we're about finding it, we routinely misforecast what will make us happy, and how long our joy will last. In reality, he adds that the best way to make an affective forecast is not to use your imagination, but your eyes. Namely, instead of trying to predict how happy you 'll be in a particular future, look closely at those who are already in the future that you're merely contemplating(冥想)and ask how happy they are. If something makes others happy, it'll likely make you happy as well.
Forecasting Happiness |
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The mechanism behind happiness lists |
*It's a bit complicated because of the involvement of the human ability to . *Mental time travel is a unique human skill we use on a(n) basis to make predictions about our future emotions and then all our decisions on them. |
The with predicting happiness |
*We can make wrong predictions about emotional consequences of positive or negative events, which can us from making right decisions. |
The functions of the psychological immune system |
*Our psychological immune system routinely help unpleasant circumstances in life. *Our wrong affective forecasting results from our to recognize the power of our psychological immune system. |
An effective to predict happiness |
*Use your eyes of your imagination while making affective forecasts. others who are in the future that you're contemplating and ask how happy they are. |
It is very common for you to find yourself in an unfamiliar situation. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Yes, everyone tells you to stand on your own two feet and take responsibility for your action, but if you haven't experienced a situation before, how can you know what to do?
We usually try our best to do everything on our own and not to rely on others, but at certain times calling for help is the best way forward. You can picture the scene of the man-it is usually a man-driving blindly around an unfamiliar town looking for an address he doesn't know. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}And he could get to his appointment on time. It is obvious to everybody in such a case that asking for help is not a sign of weakness, but rather the sensible thing to do.
{#blank#}3{#/blank#} For example, you are looking for a new job and need to write your resume(简历). If your pride prevents you from getting help and you just do the writing yourself, it may well cost the opportunity you are seeking. Similarly, when you just started a new job, you often don't want to admit that you haven't got the knowledge to finish a particular task, so you keep going and eventually make things worse than they were. This may lead to a diminishing(贬低) of you in the eyes of the boss. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}
Now you can see that asking for help is not a sign of weakness but is the sensible and mature thing to do.{#blank#}5{#/blank#} Making your life easier by asking for and using knowledgeable help is not a sign of weakness, but is actually quite a clever thing to do.
A. What's worse, you are most likely to lose the new job. B. Actually speaking, asking for help is not a sign of weakness. C. There are times when you know you don't have the relevant experience. D. If only he would stop and ask for directions, he could save lots of time. E. However, many people tend to make mistakes over and over when help is available. F. You will also recognize expert help would save your time, energy and money. G. You can accustom yourself to asking for help sooner or later. |
Your life is composed of all the little things we experience everyday, and knowing how to find joy in some of those little things is one of the easiest ways to let happiness slowly fill your cup. In order for that to happen, you need to do two very simple things, put yourself in such situations that you can experience happiness there, and then find a way to savour the experience and let it sink into you.
To put yourself in the position of experiencing happiness every day, Lahan Catalino, Ph.D, at the University of California, San Francisco, recommends an approach called “prioritizing positivity”—organizing your day-to-day life on purpose so that it contains situations which naturally give rise to positive emotions. It involves both carving out time in your daily routine to do things that you really love and heavily weighing the positive emotional consequences of major life decisions, like taking a new job, and you will regularly find yourself.
Then how can we find away to savour the happy experience and let it sink into you? Here is what psychologist Rick Hanson, the author of Buddha's Brain explains.
Let a good fact become a good experience.
Often we go through life and some good thing happens—a little thing like we checked off an item on our To Dc list, we survived another day at work, the flowers are blooming, and so forth. Hey, this is an opportunity to feel good. Don't leave the money lying on the table: recognize that this is an opportunity to let yourself truly feel good.
Really enjoy this positive experience.
Practice what any school teacher knows: if you want to help people learn something, make it as intense as possible—in this case, as felt in the body as possible—for as long as possible.
When sinking into this experience, sense your intention that this experience is sinking into you.
Sometimes people do this through visualization, like by sensing a golden light coming into themselves or a soothing balm inside themselves. You might imagine a jewel going into the treasure chest in your heart—or just know that this experience is sinking into you, becoming a resource you can take with you no matter where you go.
It might seem a little cliche to say“stop and smell the roses”, but it's moments like those that can be stored in your happiness bank and withdrawn later. Living a happy life can be as simple as accepting the happiness that's already around you. If you want more, it's OK to go out and achieve it, but don't forget where happiness really comes from.
Let {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Come Naturally With the “Little Things” | |
{#blank#}2{#/blank#}to let happiness come your way | *Put yourself in situations {#blank#}3{#/blank#}you experience happiness. *Find a way to savour the experience and let it sink into you |
Giving {#blank#}4{#/blank#}to positive things | *Organize your everyday life{#blank#}5{#/blank#}to experience positive emotions. {#blank#}6{#/blank#}your time to do things you love as well as heavily weighing the positive emotional consequences. |
Enjoying the experience and letting it sink into you | *Let a good fact become a good experience so that you have the {#blank#}7{#/blank#}to feel good. *Really enjoy the positive experience as long as possible *When sinking into this experience, be {#blank#}8{#/blank#}of your intention so that it becomes a resource to take with your wherever you go. |
{#blank#}9{#/blank#} | *Happy moments like “stop and smell the roses” are {#blank#}10{#/blank#} *Living a happy life can be as simple as accepting the happiness already around you. |
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