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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

山东省莱芜市2018届高三上学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读理解

    Types of Fire Extinguishers

    Fire extinguishers are marked according to the kind of fore on which they should be used. Using the wrong type of the extinguishers can be dangerous and make things worse.

    Type A extinguishers are used for fires on paper, cloth, wood, rubber, many plastics and so on. These types of fires usually leave ashes when they burn, so use Type A extinguishers for fires that leave ashes.

    Type B extinguishers are used for burning liquids, such as oil, gasoline, and paints. These substances often come in barral-shaped containers, so use Type B extinguishers for such barrals.

    Type C extinguishers are used for electrical fires Electricity travels in a circuit, so use Type C extinguishers for circuits.

    Remember, A is for Ashes, B is for Barrals, and C is for Circuits. Make sure you have the correct type of fire extinguisher, learn PASS. PASS stands for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep.

    Pull the pin at top of the extinguisher cylinder(灭火器圆筒).

    Aim the nozzle(喷嘴)at the base of the fire.

    Squeeze or press the bandle.

    Sweep the sprary from side-to-side at the fire's base until it goes out.

(1)、What is the purpose of the text?
A、To get the readers informed. B、To entertain readers. C、To sell fire extinguishers. D、To express opinions.
(2)、What should you do before using a fire extinguisher?
A、Check whether it is in good condition. B、Check whether you have chosen a right one. C、Make sure you have an instructor beside you. D、Made sure you have mastered the way to use one.
(3)、Which of following can replace the underlined phrase “goes out” ?
A、Keeps burning. B、Stops bursting. C、Goes off. D、Stops shining.
(4)、The tone of this test can be best described as _______.
A、depressing. B、humorous. C、serious. D、optimistic.
举一反三
You choose to be a winner!

    The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers. It has been made to help you better manage your money. The Winners Club is a transaction account (交易账户) where you receive a key­card so you can get to your money 24/7—that's 24 hours a day,7 days a week!

    It's a club with impressive features forteenagers:

● No account keeping fees!

    You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees. In fact, there are no account keeping or transaction fees!

● Excellent interest rates!

    You want your money to grow. The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits (存款) without taking them out in a month.

● Convenient

    Teenagers are busy — we get that. You may never need to come to a bank at all. With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet...You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Clubaccount. This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part-time job!

● Mega magazine included

    Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money. There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members.

    The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers. And it is so easy to join. Simply fill in an application form. You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian (so we can organize that cool key­card) but it is easy. We can't wait to hear from you. It's the best way to choose to be a winner!

阅读理解

    Recently some American scientists have given a useful sincere piece of advice to people in industrialized nations that they would be much healthier if they ate more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago.

    The scientists say that the human body has changed very little since humans first appeared on the earth, but the way we live has changed greatly. Our body has not been able to deal with (处理,对付)these changes in life style and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times, so they are called "diseases of civilization". Many cancers and diseases of the blood system, including heart attacks and strokes (中风) are examples of such diseases.

    Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol (酒精) or tobacco (烟草), probably none. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise, but a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.

    Stone-age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic or tame ones (家畜). They also ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They didn't have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. But today, we eat a large amount of these. We eat six times more salt than our remote ancestors (祖先). We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein (蛋白质) and much less vitamin C.

    People today probably do not want to live the way people thousands of years ago did, but scientists say that we would be much healthier if we ate much the same way as remote ancestors did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.

阅读理解

    Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can't make us tired. It sounds absurd. But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素)and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.

    So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?

    Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的)attitudes. One of England's most outstanding scientists, J. A. Hadfield, says, "The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare. "Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, "One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems. "

    What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated—those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.

阅读理解

    You can relax if remembering everything isn't your strong suit. Recent research makes the case that being forgetful can be a strength—in fact, selective memory can even be a sign of stronger intelligence.

    Traditional research on memory has focused on the advantages of remembering everything. But looking through years of recent memory data, researchers found that the neurobiology of forgetting can be just as important to our decision-making as what our minds choose to remember.

    Making intelligent decisions doesn't mean you need to have all the information at hand. It just means you need to hold onto the most valuable information. And that means clearing up space in your memory palace for the most up-to-date information on clients and situations. Our brains do this by creating new neurons(神经元)in our  hippocampus, which have the power to overwrite(重写)existing memories that are influencing our decision-making.

    If you want to increase the number of new neurons in our brain's learning region, try exercising. Some aerobic exercise like jogging, power walking and swimming has been found to increase the number of neurons making important connections in our brains.

    When we forget the names of certain clients or details about old jobs,the brain is making a choice that these details don't matter. Although too much forgetfulness can be a cause for concern, the occasional lost detail can be a sign of a perfectly healthy memory system. The researchers found that our brains facilitate decision-making by stopping us from focusing too much on unimportant past details. Instead,the brain helps us remember the most important part of a conversation.

    We can get blamed for being absent-minded when we forget past events in perfect detail. These findings show us that total recall(记忆)can be overvalued. Our brains are working smarter when they aim to remember the right stories, not every story.

阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A 50- minute drive northwest of downtown Beijing, pops up a village, {#blank#}1{#/blank#} houses a shadow puppetry troupe(皮影戏剧团) and a theater, Beijing Long Zaitian Shadow Puppetry Theater. 

Shadow puppetry {#blank#}2{#/blank#}( see) as the prequel(前篇) to film and animation in China. In2011, the art landed a spot on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List. 

Besides performances {#blank#}3{#/blank#}( create) by light and shadow, performers must master multiple skills as the plays combine painting, carving, opera {#blank#}4{#/blank#} literature. However, due to low income and a small market, few young people are willing {#blank#}5{#/blank#} ( learn) shadow puppetry. 

This particular troupe, however, stands out from the crowd: Average performer age is only 25. Moreover, of the 300 performers it has trained over the years, many are under 1. 4m in {#blank#}6{#/blank#} ( high). 

In 2006, Wang Xi, inheritor of Beijing Western- School Shadow Puppetry, {#blank#}7{#/blank#}( establish) the troup e in Beijing, and {#blank#}8{#/blank#} first four very short persons joined her two years later. After a four- month training, they picked up basic performance skills and started working in the theater. 

In 2021, the team designed Winter Olympics- themed shadow puppets. The puppets were gifted to foreign athletes during the Games. The troup e also staged {#blank#}9{#/blank#}( variety) plays introducing ice and snow sports through fairy tales. 

" We are lucky to have these people. They have been devoted {#blank#}10{#/blank#} the inheritance of shadow puppetry for over a decade, " Wang Xi said. 

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