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题型:阅读理解 题类: 难易度:普通

广东省茂名市2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

The world is familiar with artificial intelligence (AI) models such as ChatGPT. These models have raised global excitement and interest in AI. A next step in this journey is to design specific AI models for specific industries. For example, creating models to address development challenges such as climate change.

Such specific AI models can be particularly useful for Asia and the Pacific region, which is easily affected by extreme weather events due to climate change. Users can create a model that apprises them of the chances of flooding or drought in a specific area at a given time. In the con text of climate change, specific AI models can be used to speed up progress on climate action. They also can help adapt to the changing climate and reflect the overall impact of climate change across the planet. An Al model can be built through a series of steps that include defining its scope and purpose to establish clear objectives, and then preparing the training data and breaking it into smaller units.

The advantage offered by specific models is that they have fewer requirements than othertools. They don't require millions of dollars of initial funding, human resources and government support. It is possible to build a specific model regardless of whether you are going to develop it as an individual or on behalf of an organization. You can build a simple one using a laptop and a small dataset to train the model.

AI, like other forms of technology, has weaknesses and risks. Users who develop their own specific model need to be aware that AI models are heavily dependent on data. Poor-quality data will result in poor-quality analyses.

(1)、 Which word can best replace the underlined word"apprises"in paragraph 2?
A、Robs. B、Rids. C、Tells. D、Persuades.
(2)、 Why are specific models better than other tools?
A、They function better. B、They are smaller. C、They are smarter. D、They require less.
(3)、What is the author's attitude towards AI?
A、Careful. B、Unclear. C、Doubtful. D、Content.
(4)、Which of the following could be a suitable title for the text?
A、A New AI model — ChatGPT B、Specific AI Models in Future C、The Impact of Artificial Intelligence D、The Advantage and Disadvantage of AI
举一反三
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

A Language Programme for Teenagers

Welcome to Teenagers Abroad! We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.

Our Courses

Regardless of your choice of course, you'll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.

Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas—speaking, listening, reading and writing.

Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning (see table below).

Course Type

Days

Number of Lesson

 Course Timetable

Standard Course

Mon-Fri

20 lessons

9:30-12:30

Intensive Course

Mon-Fri

20 lessons

9:30-12:30

20 lessons

13:30-14:30

Evaluation

Student are placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take on online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.

Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.

Arrivals and Transfer

Our programme offers the full package—students are take good care of from the start through to the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. Werequire the student's full details at least 4 weeks in advance.

Meals/Allergies(过敏)/Special Dietary Requirements

Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch (which consists of a sandwich, a drink and adessert). Snacks outside of meal times may be purchased by the student individually.

We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information about any medicines you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/ or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Scotland has long been characterized as a land of romance. It contains ruins of many ancient castles and abbeys,and there is an attractive beauty in its mountains,long deep valleys,and ribbon lakes.Each year those things attract a great number of tourists.

    Numerous islands line the coast.In the north are two large groups,the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands.Close to the west coast are the Inner and Outer Hebrides groups,and the islands of Arran and Bute.

    The land may be divided into three regions: the Highlands in the north,the Central Lowlands and the Southern Uplands.

    The Highlands are wild and picturesque(如画的). A long valley called Glenmore crosses the Highlands from southwest to northeast.

    In the south of the Highlands are the Grampian Mountains,highest in the British Isles. Ben Nevis,the highest peak,rises to 1,243 meters.Ben Lomond rises from the shore of Loch Lomond,Scotland's largest freshwater lake.

    The Central Lowlands run from southwest to northeast and the greatest length is nearly 145 kilometers.The soil here is fertile,and there are four coalfields underlying the area.In the east is Edinburgh,Scotland's historic capital city,and in the west is Glasgow. Almost 90 percent of Scotland's population live in the Lowlands.

    In the Southern Uplands, the hills are generally less than 600 meters high. Their rounded or flat tops are often capped with dark peat(泥炭). Along the slopes are plants like grass and heather(石南花).

阅读理解

    Experience around food is about the place. The time and the people, and “the best meal” can be found in a fine dining restaurant or in a crowded street market. How can you recreate that special moment influenced by place and time? Travel is becoming the most popular reason to visit many places around the world. Here are the places that consistently excite the senses.

    South of France

    Markets with fresh fruits and vegetables and butcher shops are abundant. Regional(地区的)wines are excellent. And freshly baked French bread with French butter is what memories are made of. Take a chair in an ancient walled city for a meal with a view that you will never forget.

    Barcelona

    This bustling city filled with unique buildings is a city for lovers of history, architecture, and food. Kiosko Universal, a counter restaurant at one comer of the market, prepares some of the simplest and best food we've ever had. Give yourself a week to explore and see everything the city offers. The city is not to be missed.

    Italy

    It's hard to choose one place or city to visit. Some of our favorite places include the coastal regions on the Adriatic and Tuscany. Friuli stole our hearts last year with its many unique wines, small artisan food producers, and influences fro neighboring countries like Austria and Germany.

    Mexico City

    From unbelievable food markets and casual street stands, Mexico City has become the place to travel for the food lovers. If you want to eat locally, order a Hurache, a street food specialty. All you will need is a local microbrew or Mezcal(龙舌兰酒)to wash it down.

阅读理解

    A recent study presents the possibility of “carbon farming” as a less risky alternative to other carbon capture and storage technologies. It suggests that a significant percentage of atmospheric CO2 could potentially be removed by planting millions of acres of a shrub known as the Barbados nut(麻疯树), in dry, coastal areas. But other experts doubted whether the Barbados nut would be able to grow well in sandy desert soils and absorb the quantity of carbon their models predict.

    The researchers behind the study say Barbados nut plantations(种植园)could help to reduce the local effects of global warming in desert areas, causing a decrease in average temperature and an increase in rainfall. If a large enough portion of the Earth were blanketed with carbon farms, these local effects could become global, capturing between 17 and 25 metric tons of CO2 per hectare each year over a 20-year period.

    Carbon farms would not compete with food production if they were concentrated in dry coastal areas. In their analysis, oceanside desalination(海水淡化)plants provide a low-emission irrigation method. The study states that the Barbados nut is uniquely suited to growing in regions unsuitable for other crops .The plant, which produces a non-edible seed that can be used to create biodiesel(生物柴油), is comfortable growing at temperatures exceeding 100 degrees Fahrenheit. It can also stand up to high levels of pollution in the soil, making waste water another potential source for irrigation.

    The cost of carbon farming is comparable to the costs associated with other carbon capture and storage technologies, the study claims. Wulfmeyer stressed that carbon farming could have “fantastic value for the local people” if international carbon markets pick up, promoting rural development and opening up the possibility of additional agriculture as the soil quality improves around the plantation.

    In an email, Van Noordwijk, a chief science advisor, questioned the growth rate and the atmospheric carbon capture rate assumed by the study's authors, calling the estimated carbon price of the plantations a “considerable underestimate”. “We are talking about a plant with a shrubby growth habit and a long track record of misleading farmers with production potentials that are not being realized,” he said, and “Even with abundant water, the nutrient storage in sandy desert soil is low. He added, “The estimated carbon price of this option already indicates that there are far better opportunities for reducing ongoing emissions from peatland(泥炭地)use and deforestation.”

阅读理解

    A society that lives by the plastic fork may very well die from it. That's how things are looking. Anyway, for a world so used to disposable(一次性的) habits, any hope for a solution(解决方案) also increasingly seems to be buried.

    Sure, there have been some hopeful ideas. Boyan Slat, the Dutch inventor developed a plan for Covering the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Not long after it started, Slat's system experienced "material fatigue(疲劳)"-likely the result of being strained(使受到压力) by all that trash-and the task was delayed.

    All the while, the plastic increases. Its growth is very fast, according to Linda Wang, a professor of chemical engineering at Purdue University. She says, "We'll have more plastic than fish by 2050." Yet Wang, along with other researchers at Purdue, may have a solution not only to this plastic problem, but also to the growing need for clean energy.  Her team has developed a system that turns waste, a durable, lightweight material that accounts for about a quarter of all plastic waste, into a highly pure form of gasoline.

    Publishing their findings in the journal Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, the scientists' state that instead of making plastic go away, they can break it down and reuse it, using chemistry to destroy what chemistry brought to the world when plastic was developed back in 1907.

    The process uses "supercritical" water-heated to around 450 degrees Celsius (842 degrees Fahrenheit),beyond the key point at which distinct liquid and vapor phases(气液态) exist-to boil plastic waste into an oil, the researchers explain. It takes a couple of hours for the supercritical water to complete the transformation, but the result is a kind of oil that can be used as gasoline or fuel. It can also be turned into other products.

    The researchers have only made the transformation in a laboratory setting so far, but they suggest turning the process to a commercial scale(规模) may not be far off. And considering the 300 million tons of plastic into the environment every year, that day can't come soon enough. But it will come in time.

阅读理解

    An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDEBRIS has successfully cast a net around a dummy (仿真的) satellite, imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.

    The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space.

    Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit the result of 50 years of space travel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause critical damage.

    Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area.

    The RemoveDEBRIS experiment is run by a company and researchers led by the U. K.'s Surrey Space Center and includes Airbus, Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and France's ArianeGroup.

    Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Center, said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long.

    The RemoveDEBRIS satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation features that could help guide the satellite to a specific piece of debris.

Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said the success of this week's experiment was exciting, but he cautioned against "over- publicizing" it.

    There are still enormous barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks are underway, he said, and the most discouraging is figuring out how to fund such projects.

    Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDEBRIS project, said "The challenge will lie in persuading the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks." Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.

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