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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

江西省九江市第一中学2017-2018学年高二上学期英语开学考试试卷

阅读理解

    People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are too many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people learn their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn only makes more sense when learning a second language.

    A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese, for example, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so first language can affect learning a second language. The greater the differences between the second language and our first, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.

    Some people seem to learn languages easily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learned also play an important role, as well as each learner's motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day to day life.

    Obviously , British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which uses a similar alphabet to English but has 35 cases (forms of a nouns according to whether it is subject, object, genitive, etc). This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty. However, Tabassaran, a Caucasian language has 48 cases, so it might cause more difficulty if British diplomats had to learn it.

    Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. Therefore, it is impossible to say that there is one language that is the most difficult language in the world.

(1)、What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A、The question of how hard a language is to learn is only applicable to first language acquisition B、The question of how hard a language is to learn is only applicable to second language acquisition C、The question of how hard a language is to learn is applicable to both first and second language acquisition. D、There are too many languages in the world so it's difficult to say which one is the most difficult to learn.
(2)、Which language will a native Portuguese speaker probably find easier to learn?
A、Chinese , because Portuguese use Chinese characters in their own language . B、Japanese , because it is similar to their own language. C、Spanish , because it also uses Roman alphabet . D、Any one but Chinese, because its pronunciation is very difficult.
(3)、What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph3?
A、A particular situation or environment. B、The degree of education that somebody has obtained C、Teachers' encouragement. D、Professional training.
(4)、The author is most likely to agree____________
A、Not Hungarian's writing system but its grammatical complexity causes problems for native British speakers. B、Tabassaran is the hardest language to learn in the world for native European speakers. C、Many British diplomats learn Tabassaran. D、Learning a different writing system is easy.
举一反三
阅读理解

   Mary and her husband Jim had a dog named “Lucky”.Whenever Mary and Jim had friends come for a weekend visit,they would warn their friends not to leave their luggage open because Lucky would steal something from their luggage and he always hid his finds in his toy box in the basement.

    It happened that Mary found out she had breast cancer.She felt she was going to die of this disease.The night before she was to go to the hospital,a thought struck her,“What would happen to Lucky?” “If I die,who will look after Lucky?” Mary thought.The thought made her sadder than thinking of her own death.

    Mary stayed in the hospital for two weeks.Jim took Lucky for his evening walk every day,but the little dog just looked sad and miserable.

    Finally the day came for Mary to leave the hospital.When she arrived home,Mary was so tired that she couldn't even make it up the steps to her bedroom.Jim made his wife comfortable on the bed and left her to sleep.

    Lucky stood watching Mary but he didn't come to her when she called.It made Mary sad.But she felt so sleepy that soon she fell asleep.

    When Mary woke,for a second she couldn't understand what was wrong.She couldn't move her head and her body felt heavy.But panic(惊慌) soon gave way when Mary realized the problem.She was enclothed with a blanket,and with every treasure Lucky owned!

    While she had slept,the sorrowing dog had made trip after trip to the basement bringing his beloved hostess all his favorite things.He had covered her with his love.

    It's been 12 years now and Mary is still living.Lucky? He still steals treasures and hides them in his toy box but Mary remains his greatest treasure.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Now many young people are traveling around the world on their own,not because they have no one to travel with,but because they prefer to go alone.

    Kristina Wegscheider from California first traveled alone when she was at college and believes that it is something everyone should do at least once in their life. "It opens up your mind to new things and pushes you out of your comfort zone." Wegscheider has visited 46 countries covering all seven continents.

    In foreign countries,with no one to help you read a map,look after you if you get ill,or lend you money if your wallet is stolen,it is challenging. This is what drives young people to travel alone. It is seen as character building and a chance to prove that they can make it on their own.

    Chris Richardson decided to leave his sales job in Australia to go traveling last year. He set up a website,The Aussie Nomad,to document his adventures. He says he wished he had traveled alone earlier. "The people you meet,the places you visit,or the things you do,everything is up to you and it forces you to grow as a person," said the 30-year-old man.

    Richardson describes traveling alone like "a shot in the arm",which "makes you a more confident person that is ready to deal with anything". He said,"The feeling of having overcome something on my own is a major part of what drives me each day when I'm dealing with a difficult task. I walk around with my head up because I know deep down inside that nothing is impossible if you try."

    The great 19th century explorer John Muir once said,"Only by going alone in silence can one truly get into the heart of the wilderness."

Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

    If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven't you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?

    According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.

    The study also found the effect is greater when the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of "early bilinguals" who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.

    Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference.

    "Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language," said the scientists.

    It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.

    Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. "Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible (灵活的)," he said. "You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas."

    The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and thirty-four. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. "Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world," explained the scientists.

阅读理解

    People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.

    The results show that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.

    James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. "An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role," he added.

    A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. "Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy," he said. "This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease among taller people."

    But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many African countries causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.

    "One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,"said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential(潜力)in terms of height.

    Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications "How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said. "If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come."

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