假定你是学生会主席李华。你校学生会准备于元月28日下午在体育馆举办一场主题为“Protecting the Lishui River” 的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下要点，代表学生会用英语写一份书面通知。①比赛形式：演讲（6-8分钟）+问答（2-3分钟）； ② 报名地点：学生会办公室;③报名截止日期：元月20日； ④ 联系人：李华； ⑤ 联系电话：0744-8225166。

注意：(1) 字数100 左右(开头和结尾已经为你写好，但不计入总词数)；      (2) 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Notice

    An exciting English speech “Protecting the Lishui River” is around the corner!……

    Come on, boys and girls!

    Student Union

    I was responding to a call from a small brick flat(用砖做的公寓) in a quiet part of town. I assumed I was being sent to pick up some party-goers，or someone who had just had a fight with a lover，or a worker heading to an early shift at some factory for the industrial part of town.

    When I arrived at 2：30 a.m., the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor window. Under such circumstances, many drivers just honk(按喇叭) once or twice，wait a minute，then drive away. But I had seen too many weak people who depended on taxis as their only means of transportation.

    Unless a situation smelled of danger，I always went to the door. This passenger might be someone who needs my assistance ， I reasoned to myself. So I walked to the door and knocked. “Just a minute，” answered a frail，elderly voice. I could hear something being dragged across the floor. After a long pause，the door opened. A small woman in her 80s stood before me. She was wearing a print dress and a pillbox hat，like somebody out of a 1940s movie. By her side was a small nylon suitcase.

    The apartment looked as if no one had lived in it for years. All the furniture was covered with sheets. There were no clocks on the walls, no equipment on the counters. In the corner was a cardboard box filled with photos and glassware.

    “Would you carry my bag out to the car？” she said. I took the suitcase to the cab, then returned to assist the woman. She took my arm, and we walked slowly toward the cab.

    She kept thanking me for my kindness. “It's nothing,” I told her. “I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.”

注意：1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右；2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3.续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好；4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1:

    Having given me an address, a hospice, she asked. “Could you drive through downtown?”

Paragraph 2: we drove in silence to the address she had given me , and it… 

    While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.

    This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults.

    School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children.

    Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 to 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent to 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size as well as in terms of its impact on society's other cultures (adults, younger children).

Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents' daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of  adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (自治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.

    Water is the driving force of all nature, Leonardo da Vinci claimed. Unfortunately for our planet, water supplies are now running dry at an alarming rate. The world's population continues to increase but that rise in number has not been matched by adequate supplies of fresh water. Reports show that more than a billion individuals — one in seven people on the planet — now lack access to safe drinking water.

    In Sao Paulo, a Brazilian city, drought got so bad that residents began drilling through basement floors and car parks to try to reach groundwater. Officials in this city warned that rationing（配给制）of water supplies was likely soon. Citizens in Sao Paulo might have access to water for only two days a week. In California, US, officials have shown that the state has entered its fourth year of drought. At the same time, its per capita（人均）water use has continued to rise.

【写作内容】

1）用约30词概括上述信息的主要内容；

2）结合上述信息及日常生活，简要分析导致全球淡水资源短缺的主要原因（不少于两点）；

3）谈谈在日常生活中我们应如何保护淡水资源（不少于两点）。

【写作要求】

1）写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2）作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3）不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整。语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

What comes first: the optimism or the good health?

    Optimism, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa.

    A recent study suggests that most people can't help but to think optimistically. This study was conducted by Ed O'Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future.

    Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.

    O'Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturally. "We're not as used to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong." O'Brien's study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? "If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people's optimism," Boehm explained. However, it's difficult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health.

    In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The problem is that countries around the world have growing mountains of rubbish because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.

    How do the society become a throwaway one? First of all, it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money repairing it. Thanks to modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and cheap.

    Another cause is our love of disposable (一次性的) products. As busy people, we are always looking for ways to save time and make our lives easier. Companies produce thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.

    Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem. We are addicted to buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we throw away useful possessions to make room for new ones.

    All around the world, we can see the consequences of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. However, this is not enough to solve our problem.

    Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions instead of throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes towards spending. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.