题型：任务型阅读 题类：模拟题 难易度：普通
北京市东城区2021届高三下学期英语一模试卷
Reversal—change your perspective and solve your problem
It's often your definition of a problem that limits you in finding a suitable solution. Creative solutions require a change of perspective.
The reversal technique is a creative thinking technique that is based on the thought that to change your perspective, you sometimes need to change the order of the words in your problem definition.
How you change the order of the words doesn't matter much, as long as the key words are reversed. Your challenge is "How do we make sure that fewer people take cars to their work?". Swapping the key words, you could rephrase this challenge as "How do we make sure that fewer cars take people to their work?" In this case, the first statement will make you think of alternative means of transportation, like trains or bikes, while the second statement will probably make you think of solutions like carpooling—fewer cars for the same number of people.
Not every problem statement is suitable for a reversal. Sometimes using this technique requires you to first rephrase the question altogether. For instance, the question "how might we sell more washing machines?" is not easily reversed—there is no key word to swap with "washing machines". Yet, when you rephrase the question to "How might we sell more washing machines to young parents?" you can easily change it to "How might we sell more young parents to washing machines? You could interpret this last sentence as "the washing machine pays the young parents to try it out". Then, you could start communicating to potential buyers how much they will save each year when they choose your energy efficient washing machine.
As this example shows, some reversals will require a very flexible way of thinking. However, thinking about the tiny amount of time it will "cost" you to try out a reversal, you have very little to lose and, potentially, lots to gain.
A. The second problem statement is much more logical.
B. Often it helps to add one more key word to the sentence.
C. Rephrasing your challenge is to change the problem statement.
D. A great way to do this is by "reversing" your problem statement.
E. For instance, imagine you are responsible for limiting the traffic jam in your area.
F. Admittedly, it is a very unusual challenge, but it might just stimulate a creative thought.
G. Not everyone will be able to move from an unreasonable statement to a useful solution.
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A. Experience the place. B. Always have a cloth bag with you. C. Read up on the places you want to visit. D. Try to buy something from the local stores. E. A good tourist is polite, positive and eco-sensitive. F. We've cleaned up after ourselves and taken only good memories. G. If we are good tourists, wherever we go, we try to make it a little better because of our visit. |
How to Be a Good Tourist
We travel not only for work but also for fun and learning. New restaurants, galleries, temples and new architecture…These places are homes for people like us who live and work there. How would you want visitors to behave in your own home? Think about it. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} There are many ways of doing this without sacrificing our own holiday.
Do your homework. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Guides will help you when you get to the site, but is that the best place to go? Is it popular only because the one-day tourist can see it easily or because it is really a worthwhile place to visit? You'd better check it out.
{#blank#}3{#/blank#} Don't go to your hotels for meals. Walk around, even if in the streets closest to your hotel. Eat in local restaurants. Talk to the locals. Learn a few in the local language and use them. You will surely get a smile from the hotel staff and street sellers.
Help preserve the sites. Most of the sites you visit may be visited by millions of people a year, so care needs to be taken to allow others to enjoy them as well. Some of these monuments are so old and fragile that they are sensitive to the touch of hands or bags and shows. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} This way, you don't encourage the use of those plastic bags that fly all over many sites.
And here's the big one—good manners are nearly universal. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} If that doesn't sound like you，then give the world a break and stay home.
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