题型：阅读理解 题类：模拟题 难易度：普通
山东省临沂实验学校2020届高三英语高考模拟卷（九）
The best-known example of outer influence causing language change is the "Americanization" of world culture, which has caused English words to appear all over the world. The effect is most noticeable in pop music. Foreign groups often record in English, and the words are picked up and repeated everywhere, even by children who otherwise have little or no command of the language. I once met a Brazilian child of about ten who could count "one, two, three", but only by adding the words "o'clock, four o'clock rock" at the end.
Some people are often strongly critical of the influence of English on their language-especially when an English word replaces a traditional word. In 1977,France passed a law banning the use of English words in official situations if an equivalent (意义相同的) French expression existed-but the law seemed to be honoured more in the breaking than in the observing. Some other countries have considered introducing a similar law despite the evidence that such laws have very little effect, and that the arrival of loan words (外来词) can greatly enrich a language (as indeed in the case of English itself, which has a long history of welcoming foreign words).
However, not everyone is critical. In particular, commercial firms and advertisers are well aware of the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring. In Japan, English is even used in television commercials, despite the fact that the majority of viewers would not understand exactly what was being said: the excellence implied by the mere use of English is apparently enough to command the strategy to the advertisers.
Most of the influence of English is upon the vocabulary of foreign languages, but surveys are slowly bringing to light several cases where word order or word structure has been affected. Sentences of the type "The book sells well", using an active construction for a passive meaning, have begun to appear in Danish (Bogen soelgergodt). Several languages keep the English plural ending when they make use of a loan word, and do not translate it into the native form, e.g. drinks. There are many other such cases.
Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer (温度计) for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear.
{#blank#}1{#/blank#}. We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we don't feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.
Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale. Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}.
The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury inside a clear glass tube. As mercury (or any other liquid) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts. That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}.
First, take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with colored water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw through the nail hole.
{#blank#}4{#/blank#}.
Finally, place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water lever easily.
{#blank#}5{#/blank#}. As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the lever in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water lever in the straw each morning for a week.
A. Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work. B. People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world. C. We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives. D. The water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher. E. Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are heated or cooled. F. Take wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal them together. G. They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degree and boils at 100 degrees. |
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