Since the day of its birth, the United Nations has been the subject of much debate.

{#blank#}1{#/blank#} Others think that it is too weak. We can better understand this debate if we learn more about the U.N. and its history.

        The U.N. was started for two reasons. First, when the idea wasborn, people all over the world were tired of war. They felt that there must be peaceful answers to the world's problems.

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        The second reason was that modern science had developed newbombs and airplanes.

{#blank#}3{#/blank#} National borders were beginning to lose theirmeaning. Science would develop even more dangerous weapons in the future. Onlyan international organization would be able to control modern science.

        Franklin D. Roosevelt, U.S. President at the time, believed thatthe Allies (联盟) should plan for peace before the war ended. On December 1, 1943, Roosevelt, Britain's Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin from Soviet Union agreed to start anorganization for world peace.

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        During the next year and a half, the idea of such anorganisation was debated around the world. Then came the big day. On April 11,1945, the first international meeting of the United Nations took place in SanFrancisco. The goal of the meeting was to write the U.N. Charter (宪章). All of thefifty-one nations at the meeting had their own ideas to offer for the Charter.

{#blank#}5{#/blank#} Every nation present voted for the Charter. Noone voted against it.

A. The U.N. Charter is a beautiful piece of writing.

B. After a long debate, a final Charter was agreed upon.

C. Even the smallest country on earth can have its voice heard.

D. They asked all countries, large and small, to join theorganization.

E. These weapons made it almost impossible for a country todefend itself.

F. Some people attack the organization because they think it istoo powerful.

G. They also felt that only an international organization couldkeep world peace.

    All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help to keep people healthy and happy, and to live longer.

     {#blank#}1{#/blank#} They buy tickets or turn on their TVs to watch the games. Often they get very excited when their player or team wins.

     {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers. What fun it is to jump into a pool or lake, whether in China, Egypt or Italy!  {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Think how many lovers to skate or ski in Japan, Norway or Canada.

    Some sports or game go back thousands of years, like running or jumping. Chinese wushu, for example, has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. Neither one is a hundred years old yet. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Water-skiing is one of the newest in the family of sports.

    People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game together they often become good friends. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace.

A. And think of people in cold countries.

B. Sports help to train a person's character.

C. Not a few people participate in different sports competitions themselves.

D. Many people like to watch others play games.

E. People aren't inventing new sports or games.

F. Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere take part in them.

G. People are inventing new sports or games all the time.

     Reading books is one of the best hobbies.It not only helps you pass your time but also helps you increase your knowledge in a meaningful manner.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}Here we will give you a few tips that can help you.

     Fall into the habit of borrowing books to read.

     This is a very old school practice but still it can be highly effective（有效的）.When you borrow a book,there is obviously a deadline（期限）set.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}

     Read everywhere.

     Keep a book in your bag and read it anywhere you go.This will help you to pass your time in a very productive manner.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}Anyway,you can read your book 24 hours a day.

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     This can easily be described as a new school technique.You can read out to your brother or sister and this will enable you to finish your book as well as well as increase the knowledge and understanding of your brother or sister.

     Choose your books very carefully.

     {#blank#}5{#/blank#}Thus choose your books very carefully in order to enjoy your time and also finish your book effectively.If you choose a good book that can keep you interested a for a longer period of time,there is no way that you are going to leave it incomplete.

A.Read out to someone else.

B.Realize the importance of reading books.

C.Therefore,it is necessary to develop the reading habit.

D.Find an excuse to read every day just by visiting book clubs.

E.Yes,life is too short to read a book that doesn't impress you.

F.It doesn't matter whether you are traveling or are about to sleep.

G.This can encourage you to read it often to finish the book on time.

    Once a child reaches their teenage years, many parents may think it is too late to help them change a negative attitude. This is not the case, and while it may take longer, it is possible to help your child develop a positive attitude. Having a positive attitude is important to a teenager's happiness and success.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Judge your own attitude. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}. Teens watch their parents and how they react to certain experiences and events. Children learn a good part of their belief system from their parents. Therefore, a parent's attitude and a loving home environment are important to help develop positive attitudes in teens

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. This is the little voice in our heads which we use to communicate with ourselves. Positive self-talk will have a direct influence on how positive a person's attitude and actions are. Tell your teen instead of using negative statements, replace them with positive ones. For example, “I can do this right. I just need to concentrate” is much better than “I failed again. I never do anything right.” If you promote positive self-talk you should notice a clear change in the teenager's attitude.

    Teach your teen to aim high, while showing her how to acknowledge her limitations.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. If your teen wants to achieve the impossible, this will only make her feel negative when she fails to do it. Unrealistic expectations are one of the biggest causes of negative attitudes in children, says the Kids Health website.

    Try to praise your teenager when he deserves it. Show him you value him and recognize when he makes positive choices. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}. Be sure to give credit when credit is due. Your teen's attitude will be much more positive if you also show him respect as well as command it from him.

A. Teach them how to self-talk.

B. A child's attitude is a learned behavior.

C. Avoid unkind blames to affect your teen's attitude.

D. A negative attitude can result in them feeling upset.

E. There is no problem having reasonable dreams.

.F. Most teenagers will appreciate their parent's praise.

G. Encourage him to take up new hobbies or interests.

    Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it.

    Recite and repeat in conversation. When you hear a person's name, repeat it. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}. You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial.

    Ask the other person to recite and repeat. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}. After you've been introduced to someone, ask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you. Most people will be pleased by the effort you're making to learn their names.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Admitting that you can't remember someone's name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say, "I'm working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again?"

    Use associations (联想). {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. For example, you could make a mental note: "Vicki Cheng—tall, black hair." To reinforce (强迫) your associations , ,write them on a small card as soon as possible.

    Limit the number of new names you learn at one time. When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.

A. Admit you don't know.

B. Recite and repeat names.

C. Free yourself from remembering everyone.

D. You can let other people help you remember their names.

E. If you can't remember someone's name, you may tell him the truth.

F. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips.

G. Link each person you meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual.

    When trying to make a successful career, which is better: being a generalist or a specialist? Inother words, should you generalize and know a little about a lot of things?{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Natasha Olinger, a human resource expert, talks about the benefits of both. She said Generally speaking, the common wisdom is that it's always better to specialize and then you can demand a higher salary.

    To explain her idea, linger uses a fairly commons situation-choosing a restaurant {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    If you go to a restaurant that only serves sushi, you can expect high quality products, and you also should expect to pay more. If you go to a place that serves sushi, tacos and pizza, the quality of the sushi may not be so great, but the prices will probably be lower. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} However, she adds that all is not perfect in the world of the specialist. If there is a drop in economy, a generalist may get more job offers.

Olinger suggests thinking about the size and type of business you would like to work for.{#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    Also, companies that are just getting started often need people who are able to perform many different tasks. For example, your job description may be that of a graphic designer, but you may also have to do some writing. Larger companies can be just the opposite. They often need specialists-experts in a given field. But perhaps the best solution is a mix of generalization and specialization. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} The top of the T would be the generalized part. The upright stem of the T would be the deeper understanding of a person's general knowledge-their expertise

A. Or should we combine these two with each other?

B. Some career planners call this a "t-shaped" career.

C. Say you want to eat a favorite Japanese meal: sushi.

D Olinger says the world of work is not all that different.

E. Small businesses often need people who can do many things.

F. Olinger also warns that the world of work is more complex than this.

G Or should you specialize and have a deep understanding of only one area.