题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:困难
江苏省苏州市2020届高三上学期英语期初调研考试试卷(含小段音频)
Is Cash Becoming Outdated?
When he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank, Barkhad Dahir doesn't get out of his car. He pushes a few buttons on his cellphone and within seconds he has paid for the fuel. With the same quick pushes on his phone, he pays for virtually everything he needs: groceries at the supermarket, a few oranges from a market stall, or a cup of sweet milky tea from a café. Mr. Dahir boasts, "Even lying in bed, you can be paying your bills."
Electronic payments offer consumers convenience, provide revenue for banks, credit card companies and payment processors, and offer merchants improved cash flow and convenience. "I don't even carry money any more," says Adan Abokor, a democracy activist. "I haven't seen cash for a long time. Almost every merchant, even hawker (小贩) on the street, accepts payment by cellphone. There's no waiting for it and no counting of cash."
The system is impressively simple and secure. Purchases are made by dialing a three-digit number, entering a four-digit PIN, and then entering the retailer's payment number and the amount of money. Both customers and merchants receive text messages to confirm the payment.
Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well. The printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous and hard to track criminal activities to be conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010.
However, some people doubt what members of a cashless society do when the power goes off. Do they choose to barter (物物交换) and rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to abandon currency. "Ironically, the day after the largest bank in Norway, DNB, proposed ending all cash dealings, I went to my local grocery store and when I tried to pay by phone, I was told that I needed to go to the ATM to get cash because the system was broken." said an interviewee.
Other people fear that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported. Privacy, security and convenience are all important factors in the adoption of electronic payment technology. New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable people to remove cash.
Is Cash Becoming Outdated? |
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An example of electronic payments |
Barkhad Dahir claims that he can get easy to his own bank when paying for his fuel and necessities. |
of electronic payments |
They can customers from waiting in line or counting the cash. They are very , for both customers and merchants will receive text messages to confirm the payment. They reduce the of printing and handling money. They make it for the governments to keep track of the citizens' cash activities. |
Concerns of electronic payments |
Some people worry about the effective payment in case of a power . Other people show their concerns about their own , for their money dealings can be monitored and made known. Security and fraud risks may occur when electronic payments are in . |
Conclusion |
Cash is not likely to unless privacy, security and convenience are balanced and settled. |
What news stories do you read? | |
Division of news stories | ● People expect to get{#blank#}1{#/blank#}from reading news. ● News stories are roughly divided into two classes. ● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won't. |
{#blank#}2{#/blank#}ofthe two classes | ● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. ● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and{#blank#}4{#/blank#}similar feelings with those involved. |
● News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a {#blank#}5{#/blank#}to them. ● News of delayed reward will induce the reader to {#blank#}6{#/blank#}for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to {#blank#}7{#/blank#}from the reality. | |
Unstable boundaries of the two classes | ● What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their{#blank#}8{#/blank#}. ● Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and{#blank#}9{#/blank#} themselves to the reality. ● Thus, the division, on the whole,{#blank#}10{#/blank#}on the reader. |
Lindsay Renwick, the mayor of Deniliquin, a country town in New South Wales, misses the constant whir(嗡嗡声)of the rice mill whose giant fans dried the rice. The Deniliquin mill, the largest rice mill in the Southern Hemisphere (南半球), once processed enough grain to meet the needs of 20 million people globally. But six years of drought have had a destructive effect, reducing Australia's rice crop by 98 percent and leading to the mothballing of the mill last December.
Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia, not just rice – from sheep farming, the country's other backbone, to the cultivation of grapes for wine, the fastest-growing crop there, with that expansion often coming at the expense of rice. The drought's effect on rice has produced the greatest impact on the rest of the world, so far. It is one factor contributing to skyrocketing prices, and many scientists believe it is among the earliest signs that a warming planet is starting to affect food production.
Researchers are looking for solutions to global rice shortages – for example, rice that blooms earlier in the day, when it is cooler, to fight against global warming. Rice plants that happen to bloom on hot days are less likely to produce grains of rice, a difficulty that is already starting to emerge in inland areas of China and other Asian countries as temperatures begin to climb. 'there will be problems very soon unless we have new varieties of rice in place,” said Reiner Wassmann, climate change director at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news even worse: that existing models for the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce rainfall and make it more variable.
Yet the effects of climate change are not uniformly bad for rice. Rising concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, can actually help rice – although the effect reduces or disappears if the plants face unnecessary heat, inadequate water, severe pollution or other stresses. Still, the flexibility of farmers here has persuaded some climate experts that, particularly in developed countries, the effects of climate change may be relieved, if not completely avoided. “I'm not as negative as most people,” said Will Steffen, director of the Fenner School of Environment and Society at Australian National University. “Farmers are learning how to do things differently.”
Meanwhile, changes like the use of water to grow wine grapes instead of rice carry their own costs, as the developing world is discovering. “Rice is an essential food,” said Graeme Haley, the general manager of the town of Deniliquin. “Wine is not.”
Phenomenon | Six years of drought reduced Australia's rice crop by 98%, leaving the rice mill{#blank#}1{#/blank#} |
{#blank#}2{#/blank#}of drought and climate change | Every Australian agriculture industry is affected,{#blank#}3{#/blank#}from sheep farming to the cultivation of grapes for wine. The whole world is in{#blank#}4{#/blank#}of rice. Prices rise{#blank#}5{#/blank#} . Temperatures begin to climb, causing{#blank#}6{#/blank#}rice production. |
{#blank#}7{#/blank#}to global rice shortages | Seek a new variety of rice that blooms earlier when it is cooler as a{#blank#}8{#/blank#} |
Some good news | Unless faced with unnecessary heat, inadequate water or other stress, the main green house gas can actually do{#blank#}9{#/blank#}to rice. Farmers are flexible and they can do things{#blank#}10{#/blank#}. |
Regret is as common an emotion as love or fear, and it can be nearly as powerful. We feel it when we either blame ourselves for things that turned out badly, or hope to get rid of the bad effects of a choice we made in the past. The effect regret has on our lives and how we deal with regret are equally important.
In some cases, regret can be disastrous. In 1995, a British man who regularly played one set of lottery (彩票) numbers forgot to renew his ticket during the week that his numbers came up. He was so filled with regret and self-blame that he killed himself. While this is an extreme result of regret, it can have many other lesser effects on the mind and body that can still seriously affect our lives.
According to recent research, women have more regrets about romantic relationships than men do—not surprising, since women "value social relationships more than men". In collectivist (集体的) culture where many aspects of life are arranged, people feel less regret, since many choices were made for them. There was an even split between regrets about inaction (not doing something) and action (do something you wish you didn't). The research found that some regrets are more likely than others to stay over time: people tend to hold on longer to the regret of inaction or the chances they have missed; meanwhile, regrets of action tend to be more recent.
Held inside for too long, regret can affect people's physical health. If one fails to learn and grow from past mistakes, deep feeling of regret can stay locked inside, having a negative effect on his life. This can be harmful to relationships, careers, and many other aspects of life. Besides, too many regrets can lead to sadness, which may require doctors' help. Therefore, it is important that we understand what regret is and how we can learn to deal with it.
To cope with regret, be aware that it is there for a reason. Our brain is telling us to take another look at our choices because they may be having negative results. Take "I can't believe I crashed my car. I'm so stupid." and turn it into "I'm so lucky I didn't die in the accident. How wonderful!" However, when the situation can't be changed, and there is nothing left for us to do, we have to let go of the situation and forgive ourselves.
We have to see the mistakes we make as necessary lessons in life. If we can learn from them and make changes, we can turn our regrets into passive actions. We can use them to improve, guide, and shape our lives for the better.
The Taste of Regret |
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Concept of regret |
Regret is a{#blank#}1{#/blank#} emotion just as common as love and fear. |
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It occurs when bad results turn up or a {#blank#}2{#/blank#} is wrongly made. |
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Factors that affect feelings of regret |
Compared with men women are more {#blank#}3{#/blank#} to regret their romantic relationships. | |
In the individualistic(个体的) culture a person feels {#blank#}4{#/blank#} regret than in the collectivist(集体的) culture. | ||
Regrets about inaction {#blank#}5{#/blank#} longer than those about action. | ||
Effects of regret on lives | Regret even {#blank#}6{#/blank#} a lottery buyer his life. | |
Regret can stop a person from enjoying many aspects of his life. | ||
Besides the physical harm, regret can affect a person {#blank#}7{#/blank#}. | ||
{#blank#}8{#/blank#} to handling regret | Accept the fact that regret does {#blank#}9{#/blank#} in our life. | |
Learn to turn disappointment into gratitude. | ||
Forgive ourselves for the things that are out of our {#blank#}10{#/blank#}. | ||
Try to learn from the mistakes and shape our life for the better. |
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