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题型:阅读理解 题类:真题 难易度:普通

Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom's challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great
civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very
powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians
willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free
men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would
be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he
could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was
freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the
welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his
safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control
themselves and would take responsibility for the state.
But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do
not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place
without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It
had been the Athenian' s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never
entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer
who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them.
What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the
primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing.
Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had
a right to share.
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be
only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the
common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be
had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of
freedom and was never to have it again.
But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for
self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest
background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age
cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man's thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of
action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so
sometime.
(1)、What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A、Countries where their people need help.  B、Powerful states with higher civilization. C、Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.  D、Governments ruled with absolute power.
(2)、People believing in freedom are those who________ .

A、regard their life as their own business  B、seek gains as their primary object C、behave within the laws and value systems D、 treat others with kindness and pity
(3)、What change in attitude took place in Athens?

A、The Athenians refused to take their responsibility. B、The Athenians no longer took pride in the city. C、The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government. D、The Athenians looked on the government as a business.
(4)、What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?

A、 Athens would continue to be free. B、Athens would cease to have freedom. C、 Freedom would come from responsibility. D、Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.
(5)、Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?

A、 The author is hopeful about freedom. B、The author is cautious about self-government. C、The author is skeptical of Greek civilization. D、The author is proud of man's capacity.
(6)、What is the author's understanding of freedom?

A、 Freedom can be more popular in the digital age. B、Freedom may come to an end in the digital age. C、Freedom should have priority over responsibility. D、Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.
举一反三
阅读理解

    I've loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it when Mother sat doing letters. Looking at the ink bottle, pens and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.

    Years later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother, “But the desk,” she said again, “is for Elizabeth.”

    I never saw her get angry, and never saw her cry. I knew she loved me, and she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter. They never happened and a gulf opened between us. I was “ too emotional (易动感情的) ”, but she lived “on the surface”.

    As years went by, I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know that she did forgive (原谅) me.

    I posted the letter and waited for her answer, but it didn't come. I wondered if the letter had even got to her. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.

    Now the present of her desk told me that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work, though she had never been able to. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside … a photo of my father and a one-paper letter, folded (折叠) and refolded many times.

    Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.

阅读理解

    Here are four wonderful hotels and campsites in Europe.

    Ekies All Senses Resort, Chalkidiki, Greece

    This could be the perfect retreat for stressed parents who need spoiling. For a start, it's in lovely Greece, but there's no need to take a ferry, as it's on the mainland. With a juice bar beside the(heated)pool, open-air spa, calm beach, restaurants or meals on demand, and secret bays to explore by boat, it makes for a super-relaxed break.

    Doubles from € 88, junior suite(sleeps 4)from €138 a night, family suite(sleeps6) from €272 B&B, open late

    April-October, i-escape.com

    Casa Vicentina, Algarve, Portugal

    For a back-to-nature feel, family-run Casa Vicentina in the Algarve is perfect. Built with ecological materials, it's in a protected park area on a natural lake. Breakfast is a plentiful buffet-and bikes are supplied free of charge so you can go to the beach or cafes and restaurants. Accommodation is in brightly decorated rooms or larger suites complete with small kitchens.

    Rooms from €75 B&B, wonderfulland. Com

    Fairy Chimney Inn, Cappadocia, Turkey

    Older kids will love the fairytale landscape of Cappadocia and the excitement of staying in a cave hotel. The Fairy Chimney Inn used to be part of a cave monastery(修道院). Its rooms are beautiful and homely, with traditional decorations and the occasional reminder of the modern world. All rooms have courtyards overlooking the  extraordinary landscape.

    Rooms from €55 B&B, plus 11 per child, fairychimney. Com

    Casa San Gabriel, Umbria, Italy

    Casa San Gabriel is a small hilltop farm where three self-catering cottages share a swimming pool, playground and barbecue. There's added excitement for young guests in the family of alpacas(羊驼)kept on site. There are several water, wildlife and activity parks nearby, and slightly further afield a Pinocchio theme park.

    A week at II Fienile cottage (sleeps 4-6)costs from €650, B&B (low season only) from €95, casasangabriel. com

阅读理解

    The New York Times——Stephen Hawking, the brightest star in the firmament(天空)of science, whose insights shaped modern cosmology(宇宙论)and inspired global audiences in the millions, has died aged 76. His family released a statement in the early hours of Wednesday morning confirming his death at his home in Cambridge. Hawking's children, Lucy, Robert and Tim said in a statement: "We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today." "He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live on for many years to come. His courage and persistence with his brilliance and humor inspired people across the world."

    When Hawking was diagnosed with motor neuronal (神经元的)disease in 1963 at the age of 21, doctors expected him to live for only two more years. But Hawking had a form of the disease that progressed more slowly than usual. He survived for more than half a century and long enough for his disability to define him. His popularity would surely have been diminished without it. Those who live in the shadow of death are often those who live most.

    For Hawking, the early diagnosis of his terminal disease, and witnessing the death from leukaemia of a boy who he knew in hospital, ignited(点燃)a fresh sense of pursue. "Although there was a cloud hanging over my future, I found, to my surprise, that I was enjoying life in the present more than before. I began to make progress with my research," he once said. Embarking (着手) on his career in earnest, he declared: "My goal is simple. It is a complete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all."

阅读理解

Azores Destination Guide

    The Azores is a region of Portugal that's made up of nine volcanic islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. Compared to many island destinations, the Azores isn't touristy, noisy, or polluted. Instead, travelers can expect to discover untouched nature, fantastic views, and charming villages with rich cultural traditions. Here are the key details you should know to begin planning your trip to the Azores.

    Must-See Attractions

    Nature lovers will be thrilled to discover all of the outdoor trips available to them in the Azores, This is a main spot for hiking, diving, fishing, and whale watching. Some of the top outdoor sights to see include the calderas of Lagoa das Sete Cidades and Lagoa das Fumas and Pico Island, where you can climb the tallest mountain in Portugal. Sao Miguel is the biggest and most populated island, and there are lots of historic homes, restaurants, hotels, and shops here.

    If You Have Time

    Try to visit the Pori of Angra in Terceira, which is a World Heritage Site and close to the hundreds of traditional bullfights that are held every summer. Head to the most westerly island of Flores to see the beautiful coast lined with wildflowers and sheep.

    Free Things to Do

    Visit the beach to take a dip in the comfortable 70-degree water

    Take the five-hour trek lo the peak of volcanic Mount Pico

    Go bird-watching to see some of the Azores 300+ species of birds

    Take a walk around the 15th century town of Heroismo to learn about local history

    Transportation

    The best way to get around the Azores is by car, and there are some really scenic drives to experience here. Buses operate around the islands, but service can be infrequent and unavailable on Sundays and holidays. Cycling should only be attempted if you are in great shape because the terrain is rugged and steep. It's especially enjoyable to take boat to get from island to island, since most towns have ports and are along the shoreline.

阅读理解

    March 3 marks World Hearing Day. This year's theme is “Check your hearing!” Many experts and health organizations, including those who pay attention to the hearing-impaired (听力障碍), are working to help people realize the importance of protecting their hearing and avoid hearing loss.

    When we talk about music, what kind of feelings does it bring? Excitement… and relaxation. But what if the music lasts for hours?

    We interviewed a group of musicians based in Beijing during the weekend. They all said that hours of exposure to loud music can cause discomfort. One added that band members like to play at maximum volume (音量) and forget the harm that loud music can cause. The same thing not only occurs to musicians. It's also not rare for daily users since listening to loud music on loud sound equipment has become a part of modem life. According to the WHO, the practice has put more than a billion people around the world, aged 12-35, at risk of losing their hearing.

    We also interviewed some headphone users in the street, and most of them said that they are not heavy users but admitted they use headphones for hours on the subway and in the office or home. It's easy for these people to gradually increase the volume without awareness, especially in a noisy environment. Often, headphone users fail to realize they're listening to audio at unsafe levels until serious hearing problems suddenly occur.

    There are many reasons for hearing loss, including loud acoustic (听觉的) sources, drug abuse, and diseases. Experts suggest frequent medical checks and prevention measures.

    Whether congenital (先天的) or acquired, loss of hearing is usually irreversible. “Once the hearing loss occurs, it's already too late to be changed back to what it was before,” said Yang Shiming, expert of the Chinese PLA General Hospital. “Early prevention, early identification and early treatment. If everyone could do these things, hearing loss and its harm could be kept to a minimum,” Yang said. Of course, this applies to every one of us.

阅读短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

    People always think men are more skilled than women in driving. Nowadays women appear to have a positive image of themselves as safer drivers than men.

    In a survey done by insurer MetLife, 51% of women said they drive more safely. The evidence is on their side: Men are 3.4 times more likely than women to get a ticket for careless driving and 3.1 times as likely to be punished for drunk driving. "Women are on average less aggressive and more law abiding (手法的) drivers, which leads to fewer accidents," the report says. However, not all male drivers share the same opinion. Of the men surveyed by MetLife, 39% claimed male drivers were safer. The findings did back them up on one point: automotive knowledge. The report showed that more men are familiar with current safety equipment such as electronic stability control, which helps prevent rollover accidents.

    Auto safety unavoidably matters to money. Insurance companies focus on what classes of drivers have the lowest dollar amounts of claims, and for now, that mainly includes women. In general, women pay about 9% less for auto insurance than men. A study by the website Insweb also showed that auto insurance rates are lower for women in most states. Among individual states, women get the greatest advantage in Wyoming (where they pay 20% less), South Dakota and Washington, D.C., where their insurance costs are 16% lower.

    "More than 11, 9000 male drivers died in U.S. traffic accident in 2009, compared with just under 4,900 women drivers," according to the study. "Based on miles traveled, men died at a rate of 2.5 deaths per 100 million miles traveled, vs. 1.7 deaths for women."

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