题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
福建省莆田第一中学2018-2019学年高二下学期英语期中考试试卷
The belief that new technologies are causing the death of work is the idea that never goes away. Despite evidence to the contrary, we still view technological change today as being more rapid and dramatic in its consequences for work than ever before. But this is nothing new. People have always viewed the technological changes that take place during their lives as the most dramatic and dangerous that ever happened in history.
In the 1930s, the British economist(经济学家) John Maynard Keynes predicted the widespread use of electricity would produce a world where people spend most of their time doing nothing. In the United States during the 1960s, the government repeatedly investigates fears that automatic machines would permanently reduce the amount of work available. In 1988, one Australian historian claimed that at least a quarter of the workforce would be without jobs within 10 years because of computers.
Of course, none of these disasters came to pass in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia, or anywhere else.
Yet today, we are seeing the return of these predictions, with some experts claiming the world of work is once more undergoing radical(激进的)and unprecedented(前所未有的) change. They argue that robots and other workplace technologies are causing a reduction in the total amount of work available, or are bringing a more rapid pace of substitution of machines for humans than has been seen previously.
But there is a little evidence to support such beliefs. Statistics show that the percentage of people in work, the number of hours they work, and how frequently they change jobs have remained remarkably constant over the past 20 years.
This stability should not come as a surprise. There are good reasons why we should not expect new technologies to cause the death of work. New technologies always cause job losses, but that is only part of the story. What also needs to be understood is how they increase the amount of work available.
One way this happens is through the increases in incomes that accompany the use of new technologies. With the introduction of these technologies, goods and services can be produced faster, which results in higher real incomes for workers. Higher incomes then increase demand for other products and consequently more workers are needed to make them. Additionally, while new technologies are likely to substitute for some types of workers, they will also increase demand for other types of workers, especially those with higher level skills and expertise.
So, the end of work is no closer today than at any time in the past. But there is still a need to keep disproving the prediction, to reduce people's fears.
USING YOUR GOLDEN ARROW MULTIPURPOSE CALCULATOR TO DETERMINE THE DATE AND TIME AT YOUR LOCATION AS WELL AS LOCATIONS AROUND THE GLOBE SEETING THE DATE AND TIME FOR YOUR LOCATION
Use the TIME ZONE chart below to locate code that corresponds with the time zone in which you live. Select the major city that shares your time zone. Press the code that corresponds to that city (e.g. ,if you live in Washington ,Oregon California, or Nevada, all of which are located in the Pacific time zone, you would choose Los Angeles and press the corresponding code which is the 1 key).
⒈Press TIME twice. The two digits representing hours will begin to flash.
⒉Depress and hold the ▲or▼ key until the desired hour flashes. Then release.
⒊Press SET. The two digits representing minutes will begin to flash.
⒋Depress and hold the ▲or▼ key until the desired minute fleshes. Then release.
⒌Press SET. The two digits representing seconds will begin to flash.
⒍Depress and hold the ▲or▼ key until 00 flashes. The release.
⒎Press SET. To set the year, month, and day press DATE three times. Then repeat steps 2 through 7.
NOTE: At this point, hour, minutes and seconds will change to year, month, and day.
DETERMINAING DATE AND TIME FOR THE WORLD'S16 TIME ZONES
⒈PRESS ZONE TWICE.
⒉Use the TIME ZONE chart below to locate the code that corresponds to the time zone for which you desire the date and time. Press that code (e.g., press = to determine the date and time in Hong Kong). The selected date and time will alternately display for 10 seconds and then return automatically to your home date and time.
CODE |
CITY |
TIME |
0 |
Honolulu |
-10 |
1 |
Los Angeles |
-8 |
2 |
Denver |
-7 |
3 |
Chicago |
-6 |
4 |
New York |
-5 |
5 |
Rio de Janeiro |
-3 |
6 |
London |
0 |
7 |
Paris |
+1 |
CODE |
CITY |
TIME |
8 |
Cairo |
+2 |
9 |
Moscow |
+3 |
+ |
Karachi |
+5 |
- |
Bangkok |
+7 |
= |
Hong Kong |
+8 |
* |
Tokyo |
+9 |
/ |
Sydney |
+10 |
# |
Wellington |
+12 |
试题篮