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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

山西省运城市芮城县2018-2019学年高一上学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读理解

    If you live in Shanghai, Beijing or many other cities, you may see many orange bicycles on the streets these days.

    These bikes are owned by a company called Mobike. You can order a bike through an app on your phone. When you find a bike, you just scan a QR code (扫描二维码) on the bike so you can use it. You don't need to return the bike to a station- you can park it anywhere.

    China was known as "the kingdom of bicycles" about 30 years ago. But more people choose to drive cars and catch the subway these days. Bike rental(租凭的) services like Mobike are bringing bikes back.

    "Back then, I got the feeling that Chinese people were trying to be modern and push away the past. So they did not want to be linked with bicycles," said Ines Brunn, a German woman who runs a bike store in Beijing. "I do believe changes in people's tastes will shape new thinking about bikes."

    Online rental services are making biking more convenient, but it's still not easy to ride bikes in Chinese cities. Cars often take up bicycle lanes (道路). Bikers have to ride next to cars in car lanes, which can be very dangerous.

    Beijing plans to build over 3,200km of new bike lanes. Drivers who drive in bike lanes will be punished. Traffic signs will be put up to better protect bikers.

(1)、If you want to use a Mobike, ______ .
A、you have to scan a QR code B、you don't need to pay for it C、you don't have to return it D、you have to pay for an app
(2)、Which of the following is NOT true, according to Paragraph 3?
A、China had the most bicycles in the world about 30 years ago. B、There are more bicyclists than motorists these days. C、More people are driving cars or taking the subway these days. D、Bike rental services are becoming more popular.
(3)、What does Ines Brunn mean when she says people's tastes are changing?
A、Chinese people like modern things. B、Chinese people like riding bicycles. C、People in Beijing are changing their tastes. D、More people will start riding bikes.
(4)、Which is the best title for the passage?
A、How to use a Mobike B、Orange bikes will be fashionable C、Bringing back bikes D、Why is Beijing building new bike lanes?
举一反三
阅读理解

    Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.

What to Expect

    The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.

Accommodation Zones

    Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential(居住的). Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area. It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.

Meal Plans Available

◇ Continental Breakfast

◇ Breakfast and Dinner

◇ Breakfast,  Packed Lunch and Dinner

    It's important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast. Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal, bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.

Friends

    If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host's permission. You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.

Self-Catering (自助的)Accommodation in Private Homes

    Accommodation on a room only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long stay student. However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practice English at home quite as much.

阅读理解

    We all know cameras. But have you heard of Google's new camera? It is a small, smart device, called Clips. It comes with a case that has a clip (夹子), but it's not designed to be worn on your clothing. Most interestingly, it uses artificial intelligence to take photography out of your hands so it can capture moments on its own.

    This roughly 2-inch by 2-inch camera, with a three-hour battery life and Gorilla Glass for toughness, is intended for candid moments, like when a child does something cute that may happen too quickly for you to pull out your smart phone.

    Onboard the Clips device, it uses machine learning algorithms (计算程序) to help capture scenes. Those algorithms include face recognition. “Once it learns that there's a face you see frequently, it'll try to get nice photos of those faces,” said Juston Payne, the device's product manager. And they also want it to recognize facial expressions, which involved “training it to know what happiness looks like”. The Google team also trained it to recognize what not to shoot—like when a child's hand is over the lens, or if it is tossed in a dark purse.

    The only way to see the images is by connecting the camera with your phone, as it has no screen for viewing or editing.

    Did people think it was strange? Yes, Payne admitted. But they said they addressed that by making it obvious what it is. A green light on the front signals that the device is on. Besides, unlike a camera meant to monitor your home, it is not connected to the Internet.

    “This product is only possible because of the way that technology has advanced,” Payne said. It was only in the past year or so that they could squeeze the technology down into a device this size. Going forward, we're likely to get more assistance from the artificial intelligence packed into our apps and gadgets.

阅读理解

    Studying the DNA of 300 mice has flagged up genes which have been linked to hereditary (遗传的) sight loss for the first time. Researchers say because mice's genes are so similar to humans', their findings could lead to the treatment of more genetic diseases.

    Scientists at the University of California, Davis studied information from a data bank of mice's genetic material. They found 347 genes linked to eye problems, with just 86 of them having been studied in the past.

    Only around 50 to 75 percent of hereditary eye diseases in human can be explained with present science. The researchers believe these hundreds of new genes found in mice could be a key to explaining-and therefore being able to treat the other 25-50 percent.

    "This is extremely valuable for people with hereditary eye disease," said researcher Professor Ala Moshiri. "All researchers are going to start using these data. In the past, we knew the problem was there but we didn't know where to look. Now eye centers can call back patients and screen them for these new genes. We expected that more and more of these genetic diseases will be treatable." Also, the fact is that more than 60 percent of eye problems at birth are ones resulting from the baby's parents!

    Thanks to data from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), which is trying to work out what every single gene in a mouse is responsible for, with the aim of translating it to humans, scientists are moving closer to figuring out all genetic causes of blindness. To do this, scientists separate a single gene from other ones at a time and then observe what effect it has on the mouse for a long time. This has so far been done more than 7,000 times and has achieved great success. Researchers are now working alongside eye care centers in Texas and Iowa in order to compare the mice's genes to those of patients.

阅读理解

    At first, Michael Surrell didn't see the black smoke or flames shooting from the windows of his neighbors' home. Then they got a call from one of his daughters: "The house next door is on fire!" He went over and saw three women crying madly on their porch (门廊).

    "The baby's in the second floor!" one of the women cried. Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then 64, bravely ran inside. "The baby" was Tiara Roberts, the woman's granddaughter and a playmate of Surrell's three youngest kids.

Entering the burning house was like "running into a bucket of black paint," Surrell says. The thick smoke caused him to stumble blindly around, burned his eyes, and made it impossible to breathe. The conditions would have been dangerous for anyone, but for Surrell, who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(慢性阻塞性肺病), they were life-threatening.

    Taking a deep breath, he moved around in the overwhelming darkness. Because the house had a similar layout to his, he found the stairs and made it to the second floor. Then he heard a soft but clear moan. Still unable to see, Surrell fell to his knees on the hot wood floor. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl. Finally, he touched something. A shoe, then an ankle. He pulled Tiara toward him, scooped her into his arms and stood. Turning, he fought through the smoke and ran blindly into the blackness…

    Surrell woke up in the hospital a couple of days later and spent over a week in the hospital. Tiara was released from the hospital after a few days. The fire worsened Surrell's pulmonary condition, and he feels the effects even two years later. As a result, he takes extra medication that helps open his airways. "It's a small price to pay," he says. "I'd do it again in a heartbeat. I wouldn't give it a second thought."

阅读理解

    Note taking

    Note taking as an accommodation is available only to students who have documented disabilities and are registered with Queen's University Accessibility Service(QSAS). Note taking is approved for students with disability-related functional limitations that makes it difficult for them to access academic information presented in class.

    There is a wide range of reasons why students may require note taking as an accommodation, including students with:

    •hearing loss, who may have difficulties hearing the instructor while writing notes at the same time

    •vision loss, who may have difficulties seeing information presented on overhead screens

    •mental health conditions or attention-related disabilities, who may have difficulties attending to orally-presented information while taking notes

    •learning disabilities, who may have difficulties recording notes when information is presented orally

    •physical disabilities, who may have motor or pain related difficulties

    Accessibility advisers consider a student's description of their need for note taking along with information contained in their disability documentation and the type of course in approving note taking as a formal accommodation.

    Online Note Taking Portal(门户网站)

    QSAS is in charge of the exchange of notes taken by student volunteer note takers and students registered with QSAS via our secure online note taking portal.

    The pages in this section provide information for students with disabilities, volunteer note takers and instructors on requesting note takers, signing up to be a volunteer note taker and assisting QSAS with recruiting volunteer note takers.

    If you are a student seeking note taking accommodation please click here to read the Starting Your Accommodation information.

阅读理解

    What would it be like to live on Mars? Volunteers are spending eight months in an area that looks much like the surface of Mars. They are isolated(孤立)high on top of Mauna Loa, a volcanic mountain on the Big Island of Hawaii, living on a simulated(模仿的) or make-believe, Mars Base.

    The project called HI-SEAS is in the charge of Kim Binsted. She says this wild environment is as close to Mars as you can find on Earth. Because it is so high, the land is not warm or rich with plants, like the rest of Hawaii.

    "You will see there is really no visible plant life or animal life. And you have got this wonderful volcanic material."

    Mauna Loa, 2,500 meters above sea level, is geologically very similar to Olympus Mons on Mars and almost as tall as the Martian mountain. When measured from its base, deep in the ocean, Mauna Loa is the second largest mountain in our solar system, after the one on Mars.

    The six member HI-SEAS crew is mostly self-sufficient. Food and supplies are brought to them. But the individuals bringing those supplies cannot communicate with volunteers inside the habitat, or base.

    Kim Binsted says this experiment looks at how the astronauts get along with each other. "We study how well they work together, how we can keep them happy and supported, and not wanting to kill each other over these long durations (期间)."

    Crew members communicate with the outside world through e-mail and blogs. They also produce video on the YouTube website, like this one from mission commander Martha Lenio. "I am really enjoying this opportunity to live here and pretend that I'm on Mars and get to learn all sorts of new skills." One of them said. "Whoever gets there first, the trip will not be easy", says Kim Binsted, "It is going to be challenging."

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