题型：任务型阅读 题类：常考题 难易度：困难
江苏省如东中学、栟茶中学2018-2019学年高二上学期英语期末考试试卷
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
We all need to feel understood, recognized and affirmed by our friends, family and romantic partners. We all need to find our tribe.
Research has shown that among the benefits that come with being in a relationship or group, feeling accepted is regarded as the most important driver of meaning. When other people think you matter and treat you as if you matter, you believe you matter, too.
Though we all share a need to belong, in the first decades of the 20th century, many influential psychologists and physicians did not acknowledge this fundamental aspect of human nature. The idea that children needed parental love and care to live a full and meaningful life was not only considered medically dangerous, but also dismissed as immoral and disgusting.
As behavioral psychology came into fashion and academic psychologists turned their attention to child- raising, this view shifted and they began to examine and affirm the vital importance of attachment in early life. They discovered that people, whatever their age, needed more than food and shelter to live full and healthy lives.
But, sadly, many of us lack close ties. At a time when we are more connected digitally than ever before, rates of social isolation are rising. The results of an Age UK poll published recently suggest that half a million people over the age of 60 usually spend each day alone, and it's not unusual for another half a million people to go without someone to speak to for five or six days. All these figures reveal more than a rise in loneliness — they reveal a lack of meaning in people's lives. In surveys, we list our close relationships as our most important sources of meaning. Research shows that people who are lonely and isolated feel their lives are less meaningful.
While close relationships are critical for living a meaningful life, they are not the only important social bonds we need to cultivate. Psychologists have also discovered the value of small moments of intimacy. “High-quality connections”, as one researcher calls them, are positive, short-term interactions between two people when a couple holds hands on a walk or when two strangers have an empathetic(移情作用的) conversation on a plane. High-quality connections have the potential to unlock meaning in our interactions with acquaintances, colleagues and strangers. We can't control whether someone will make a high-quality connection with us, but we can all choose to start one. We can say hello to a stranger on the street rather than look away. We can choose to value people rather than devalue them. We can invite people to belong.
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Passage outline |
Supporting details |
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The need to belong |
*Everyone hopes to develop a of belonging in a group. *People's self-respect is by other people's opinion. |
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The changing to belonging |
*Many famous experts in the first decades of the 20th century that people had the need to belong. *Experts later came to realize that people, of their age, needed attachment to enjoy full and healthy lives. |
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Consequences of close ties |
*Many people are cut off from the world and feel . *People who do not have enough close relationships find their lives are less . |
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Another way to meet the need |
*High-quality connections make a in helping satisfy our need to belong. *We should to make a high-quality connection. |
Today we eat on the go, at our desks and even in front of computers. We eat takeout, delivered and packaged meals, {#blank#}1{#/blank#}
“Over the past three decades, people have started eating out more than ever before and purchasing more prepared foods at the grocery store, which tend to contain more fat, salt and sugar than their home-made foods,” noted US healthy living website SparkPeople.
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} It encourages us to value the time we spend preparing, sharing and consuming food, as a recent USA Today article put it. It all started in 1986 with the efforts of Slow Food's founding father, Italian activist Carlo Petrini, who wanted to bring back food varieties and flavors that had gone dark in the face of industrialization. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Now, his idea is almost the mainstream.
Starting at the table, the movement promotes an unhurried way of life founded on the idea that everyone has a right to cooking pleasure, and that everyone must also take responsibility to “protect the heritage (遗产) of food, tradition and culture that make this celebration of the senses possible”, wrote The Phnom Penh Post.
“{#blank#}4{#/blank#} It means turning down the speed at which we eat and increasing the amount of time we spend dining together with other people,” Althea Zanecosky, spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association, told The Huffington Post.“ {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Dinner table conversations keep families together,” noted the Belgian non-profit organization Greenfudge.
A. It is a way to bring back the social togetherness of yesterday. B. It seems that we have adapted our foods to our fast-paced lives. C. So, the Slow Food Movement has occurred against this fast-food trend. D. Slow Food doesn't necessarily mean food that takes a long time to cook. E. It is based on the idea that we should spend as much time as possible on cooking. F. It's not only the food itself but also the time we spend dining together that matters. G. At that time, he asked people to follow a more sustainable (可持续的) living model. |
Green is not always referring to the color. In some cases, it is the term used for being environmentally friendly. If you've been looking to replace your furniture, consider going green because environmentally friendly furniture offers many benefits. Here are a few tips to get you started on your hunt for the perfect eco-friendly furniture.
First, environmentally friendly furniture isn't harmful to your health. Also its manufacturing process doesn't cause damage to the environment in any way. Besides, by purchasing eco-friendly products, you prevent deforestation and global warming to some extent in your own way. You do your part in protecting the environment. Environmentally friendly furniture is cost-effective as well.
The materials that are used in furniture are what make them green. Materials can be good for the environment either because they are materials that are considered renewable resources or they are all natural. A lack of chemicals and toxins (毒素) in green furniture also means it is a better choice for the environment. It may be hard to imagine that a sofa or a table could actually be a green product but they really can be depending on what they're made of.
There are a lot of renewable sources that manufacturers could use when building the furniture, so you should be keeping an eye out for them. Bamboo can be an excellent replacement for wood and can also replace plastics and metals in some furnishing. Cotton is a sofa fabric that is safe for the environment and it can be replenished (补充) often. Hemp is also a renewable source that can be used for fabric and twine.
Recycled materials also can be made into green furniture. Metals can be recovered and remade into new things such as frames and foundations for sofas. Recycled plastic can also be made into furniture such as tables and chairs. Touching up old furniture instead of buying new items is very cheap way to be green. Yard sales and second-hand stores sell furniture too and buying the used means new things won't be made, so no more damage has to happen to the earth.
Therefore, when you want to hunt for the perfect environmentally friendly furniture, you should try to know the type of materials which are used in building the furniture.
Environmentally friendly furniture | ||
{#blank#}1{#/blank#} | ●It is {#blank#}2{#/blank#} to your health ●Its manufacturing process{#blank#}3{#/blank#}damaging the environment in any way. ●It prevents deforestation and global warming to some extent ●It helps you{#blank#}4{#/blank#}some money as well. | |
Requirements of the materials | ●The materials should be renewable and natural ●The materials{#blank#}5{#/blank#}fewer chemicals and toxins. | |
Materials often used in green furniture | Renewable materials | ●Bamboo can be used to{#blank#}6{#/blank#}wood, plastics and metals. ●Cotton is a soft fabric which can be often replenished. ●Hemp is also a good material. |
Recycled materials | ●Metals can be recovered and {#blank#}7{#/blank#}to make new things {#blank#}8{#/blank#}frames and foundations for sofas. ●Recycled plastics can be made into tables and chairs. ●Purchasing{#blank#}9{#/blank#}furniture is also a good idea | |
conclusion | It is {#blank#}10{#/blank#}to know the type of materials used in the furniture while you're hunting for the perfect eco-friendly furniture. | |
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