Section A (10 marks)

          Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

                          Not all print dictionaries are the same, as you will notice when you select one. To make a wise selection, you should know how to distinguish 

among three kinds of print dictionaries: pocket, desk, and unabridged. You should also know the copyright date of your dictionary, and

 check is special features.

          A pocket dictionary is small. Generally, it contains no more than 75000 entries, making it hardly to carry to class and efficient to use. 

However, a pocket dictionary doesn't contain enough entries to be adequate for college reference homework. In addition, the information 

about each word in a pocket dictionary is generally limited. A desk dictionary is medium sized, generally containing over 100,000 entries

 as well as extra features. For college work, you should own a current desk dictionary. An unabridged dictionary is a complete dictionary. 

Abridged dictionaries, such as pocket and desk dictionaries, are shortened. Because unabridged dictionaries contain nearly all English words,

 they are large and heavy. They are often used by schools and libraries.

           If the copyright date of your current dictionary shows that it was published five or more years ago, consider investing in a more recent 

edition. English is a dynamic language that admits new words and recognizes changes in meaning, spelling, and usage of familiar words.

 This is reflected in an up-to-date dictionary.

         In selecting a dictionary, check the features it offers besides vocabulary definitions. Many editions contain signs, symbols and foreign words.

 Some also contain CD-ROMs and access to special online features.

根据内容，在对应的空格写上正确的答案！

1、{#blank#}1{#/blank#}2、 {#blank#}2{#/blank#}3、 {#blank#}3{#/blank#}4、 {#blank#}4{#/blank#}5、 {#blank#}5{#/blank#} 

6、{#blank#}6{#/blank#}7、 {#blank#}7{#/blank#}8、{#blank#}8{#/blank#}9、 {#blank#}9{#/blank#}10、 {#blank#}10{#/blank#} 

                                                 The Bystander (旁观者) Effect

    When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which is named after Catherine “Kitty” Genovese, a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964. Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed (刺) by a man later identified as Winston Moseley. Despite Genovese's repeated cries for help.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted police．

    Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans. As the conclusion, the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments.

    There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present. The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#} In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lovers' quarrel", and {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

A. They hesitate and assess the risk of getting hurt

B. This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect.

C. Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is unclear.

D. First, the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility.

E. they did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered.

F. none of the people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help.

G. the attacker didn't stop stabbing her.

    It's said that people travel to see the world. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} You walk down different streets, hear different accents, and see different views. All of this is a great way to absorb a new location and learn as much as you can.

    But there's another reason why people travel to experience something new. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} So what kind of person are you? To tell the truth, you'll learn about yourself no matter where you go.

    If you're a bookworm: Anyone studying English literature will love being on the soil of where such rich literary tradition was born. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Maybe you'll run into one of your favorite characters during the trip.

    If you're a Disney princess fan: Head over to Prague and you'll find the setting of every fairy tale you've ever dreamed of. Prague's study abroad programs are in English and are flexible.

    If you're a history lover: {#blank#}4{#/blank#}Sure, that's a lot of places. But you've never felt quite as absorbed in the ancient world as walking around Athens and Rome.

    If you're an adventure seeker: Consider going to Australia.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}

    If you're indecisive: Just choose them all and take a Semester at Sea. You'll have your classes on a ship as it sails around the world, making stops at 15 cities in 11 countries.

How to Make Plans

    Most people get scared when talking about planning or writing plans. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}.  And you need to plan for success as planning really works and inspires you to go straight ahead. However, how to create effective plans is still a problem. Don't worry, and just follow the steps below.

    Step 1 {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    What plans have you had in the past？Probably, in some of your plans, you haven't ended up where you thought you were going to end up. Get a good understanding of what you have done and what you haven't done in the past. It is a primary foundation for your new plan. If having no plan, just take actions and make plans right now.

    Step 2 Think about the What-Ifs

    When you are building your plans, you should consider where you are going and make clear the What-Ifs. Because not everything just goes smoothly as you believe. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}.

Step 3 Document the plans

    When starting to make plans, you should try to write them down. It is of key importance for the future.{#blank#}4{#/blank#} In addition, make sure you have the plans fully written out with all the key elements concerned, including details.

    Step 4 Update the plans

    According to your written plans and actual situation, you should check out the plans you have completed and haven't completed. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Make sure all the assumptions are there and work out the details. After hanging on for some days, planning will be getting simpler and easier.

A. Review historical plans

B. Make new plans immediately

C. Actually, people are more likely to succeed in a planned way

D. And you need to continue what you haven't done and update it

E. Not all people can memorize every word they said and thought well

F. And what you should do next is to check your plans monthly or quarterly

G. For your benefits, you need to make Plan A and Plan B in case of changes and contingencies（偶发事件）

    Lemon water is pretty popular. It's offered as a free upgrade to regular water at pretty many restaurants.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}, others are devotees of the possible health benefits. Here's what may happen if you take up the lemon water habit.

    Easier weight loss

    Studies in mice indicate that the antioxidants(抗氧化剂) in lemons can reduce weight gain despite a high-fat diet. More studies are needed to determine if the results can be applied to humans, but anecdotal evidence is favorable. People who drink lemon water regularly report easier weight loss, though it is unclear if the combination of lemon and water is the fundamental driver.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}.

    Get enough vitamin C

    Vitamin C is an important antioxidant that has a ton of health benefits. It can only be gotten from food as our bodies don't produce it alone. Getting your RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) of vitamin C can lower the risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. Vitamin C is good for your skin and bonds with free radicals (自由电子) that accelerate aging.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}, but they're a great source nevertheless.

    Stabilized moods

    Studies have found that smelling lemon scent reduces stress hormones that regulate mood. Drinking lemon water offers this benefit as well as the vitamins and potassium(钾) in the fruit. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}, and high blood pressure is related to stress, so not getting enough potassium can certainly affect your mood. All in all, lemon water can be a calming drink.

    In the end, drinking water is never a bad call, and there is absolutely no reason not to add lemon to it. Drinking lemon water provides some helpful nutrients and antioxidants. Give it a try!{#blank#}5{#/blank#}.

A. Lemon is a common smell in all manner of cleaning products

B. Potassium plays a huge part in regulating blood pressure

C. There is nothing to lose

D. Lemons aren't the highest in vitamin C

E. While some people drink it simply because of its taste

F. If adding lemon to water can encourage people to drink more

G. It could be that drinking more water helps dieters to feel full and avoid overeating

My students and I were ready for a challenge — a trip to Costa Rica. As we were waiting at the airport, we talked about our hopes and fears for our ten-day trip. My students worried about homesickness and felt uneasy with their homestay families. But strange foods or meeting new people didn't concern me. What terrified me was the best part of the trip — a zip lining (滑缆绳) flight over the jungle valley bordering Arenal Volcano. I made a secret pact (协议) with myself to find an excuse to get out of it at the last minute.

    When the fateful day arrived, we got to the peak to enjoy the breathtaking view of the volcano. When seeing the activity, my students raised a cheerful shout. How I wished I had had the same feeling as them. However, I was afraid of heights.

    My student Eileen sidled up to me. Her face was pale. "I'm scared," she whispered. "Will you stay back with me?" Here was my chance! I could get out of zip lining and still save face!

    "I'm scared, too," I said quietly.

    "Yeah," she said. "I thought you would be the right person to ask because you are really white, and you are sweating." Her words woke me up, and something clicked into place. If I couldn't step outside of my comfort zone, how could I ask the kids to do so?

    "Maybe we should give it a try," I said. I felt a little sick, but I couldn't believe my body was actually moving toward the launch point.

    "Come on," I said.

    "OK," she agreed.

    Eileen zipped past me, screaming with fear or delight, which I was not sure of. Once she was across, I followed. The attempt was not as terrible as I had thought. From that moment on, I knew there was nothing to fear as long as I walked out of my comfort zone and had a try.