题型：任务型阅读 题类：常考题 难易度：普通
北京市朝阳区2019届高三上学期英语期末考试试卷
Sports Fans and Identity
Many people are crazy about a particular sports team. They are big fans and seem to connect their own identity to their chosen team.
Identity consists of things like gender (性别), personality, abilities, and social groups. The groups we belong to shape our identity. Related to this is the theory developed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner. In knowing who we are, we may more closely identify with our social group than with our gender group. We also decide which group we belong to, based on different aspects of our identity. According to the theory, our self-esteem—how we feel about ourselves—is reflected in the group we belong to. For example, we naturally protect the group we belong to, while making other groups less important. We think highly of the team we support, while we may add negative comments about an opposing team.
Researchers have studied language used by sports fans. By using pronouns like “we”, fans show that they feel connected with the team when it is winning. “We really killed that team. They couldn't get the ball past us.” However, when their team didn't do well, the fans would distance themselves from the team, using different pronouns. “They didn't know what they were doing. They had no planning.”
They have found those fans have more self-confidence and feel more competent. They are quite sure they have the ability to deal with situations successfully or do things to a satisfactory standard. These people will perform better at work and earn and spend more money, so experts suggest that a winning team may have a positive influence on the economy of a city.
A. They suggested that we naturally classify people into groups.
B. That causes increased competitions between different groups of sports fans.
C. It is probably because the victory reflects well on their personal sense of identity.
D. Comments from group members certainly have a strong influence on our behavior.
E. When their team did well, the fans would closely identify themselves with the team.
F. That leads to the fact that we want our group to be seen more positively than other groups.
G. Social scientists have also studied the effect of winning a championship on the fans of the winning team.
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A. Learn from the past experiences B. First and foremost, bear in mind that the key aspect of this experience is to "take some time to think". C. No matter how much you have invested, sometimes the healthiest thing you can do is let go. D. In today's go-go faster-faster world, you may be attracted to rush through this experience, to treat it like another task to get off your to-do list. E. Remember the wisdom of a child F. If you are focused on bad memories, problems, and things to complain about, they will drown your mind and your heart, and sting your life. G. Now before you race off to do this, read the rest that provides important perspective on doing this. |
The past is good for two things: the happy memories, and the lessons it provides. Take some time to think and create two lists: One, your Top Five Most Important Lessons Learned in the Year. And two, your Top Five Favorite Memories of the Year. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}
Take some time to think
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} But you just invested 8760 or so hours of your life in the previous year. To pull what is worth pulling from it, to give it proper perspective and proper closure, it surely deserves some of your focused conscious energy.
{#blank#}3{#/blank#}
Maybe you lost half your investments this year. Or your job. Or your house. Or you faced health challenges. You may dwell on the negative, self-defeating questions like "How could I be so stupid?" or "How could God let this happen to me?" But a child doesn't touch fire, get burned, and then spend the rest of his days – or even hours – thinking bitterly how this could have happened to him. He learns not to touch the fire and twenty minutes later he is happily playing again. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}
Don't bang on the beehive (蜂窝)
When discussing the past year I have already heard so many people stating how bad it was. I hear them recalling all the bad memories. It is like banging on a beehive. Because here is a universal law: whatever you seek, you will find plenty of. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Likewise, if you are focused on good memories, the beauty in the world, and things to feel grateful for, they will nourish your mind, your heart, and allow your life to blossom.
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