Nola (August 21, 1974—November 22, 2015) was a northern white rhino who lived at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park near Escondido, California. At her death, she was one of only four remaining northern white rhinos in the world. The other three lived in Kenya. World Rhino Day, held on September 2, is to raise awareness (意识) of the less than 30 000 other rhinos left on Earth.

    "Rhinos need our help today, not tomorrow," Nola's lead keeper Jane Kennedy said. "Last year we lost over 1 200 rhinos just in South Africa. If we continue to lose more than 1 000 rhinos a year, in 10 to 20 years all the rhinos on the planet will be gone."

    "Unfortunately, most animals are in danger of dying out because of humans," Kennedy says. "Humans have either poached animals, or because there are over seven billion of us, we've taken up too much of the world's resources". Poachers illegally hunt rhinos for their horns. They sell the horns for thousands of dollars per pound, to be used for art, jewelry, and decorations. Experts believe that one rhino is poached every eight hours.

    In 1975, the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research started the Frozen Zoo, a program through which researchers have collected cell (细胞) samples from more than 8 000 different types of animals, including the northern white rhino. Scientists hope that by studying the rhino cells, they will get greater understanding of it, and will find ways to increase its numbers.

    Jane Kennedy describes World Rhino Day as "a celebration of rhinos along with an awareness campaign for everybody across the world to know that rhinos need our help." At the San Diego Zoo, children and adults are welcome to visit and speak with zookeepers to learn about rhinos. But you don't have to live in San Diego to celebrate World Rhino Day. It is observed around the world, with zoos and wildlife parks holding special events and programs to teach people about rhinos, and enable them to see the animals up close. For more information, go to www.worldrhinoday.org.

    It was the beginning of 2011. I had just finished filming the first season of Game of Thrones(《权利的游戏》). With almost no professional experience, I had been given the role of Daenerys Targaryen. The show was so successful that young girls would dress themselves up as Daenerys for Halloween.

    And yet, terrified of the attention, terrified of trying to make good on the faith that the creators had put in me, I worked much harder.

    On the morning of February 11, 2011, I was getting dressed in a gym when I started to feel a bad headache. I was so exhausted that I could barely put on my sneakers. I tried to ignore the pain, but I couldn't. I reached the toilet and sank to my knees. A woman came to help me. Then everything became unclear. I only remember the sound of an ambulance.

    That operation lasted three hours. When I woke, the pain was unbearable. After four days, they moved me out of the I.C.U. (重症监护室). But one day when a nurse asked me, as part of a series of cognitive (认知的) exercises, " What's your name?", I couldn't remember my name and I felt terrified: I am an actor; I need to remember my lines. Now, I couldn't recall my name.

    The phenomenon is called aphasia. Then I was sent back to the I.C.U. and, after about a week, I was able to speak and know my name. And I was also aware that there were people in the beds around me who didn't make it out of the I.C.U. I was continually reminded of just how fortunate I was.

    I rarely gave a thought to my health. Nearly all I thought about was acting. I thought of myself as healthy. Once in a while, I would get dizzy. When I was fourteen, I had a migraine (偏头痛) that kept me in bed for a couple of days. But it all seemed manageable — part of the stress of being an actor. Now I think I might have been experiencing warning signs of what was to come.

    Anyway, there is something pleasant about coming to the end of Thrones. And I'm so happy to be here to see the beginning of whatever comes next.

In many countries of the world, people can confidently tell you the meaning of their town or city, but most people who live in Manchester, Oxford or Birmingham would not be able to explain what the name of their city means. The name of every British town and city, however, has a long history.

Two thousand years ago, most people living in Britain were Celts. Even the word "Britain" is Celtic. Then the Romans arrived and built camps which became cities called "castra". This is why there are so many place names in England which end in "-chester" or "-caster" – Manchester, for example.

The Romans never reached Wales or Scotland, and many place names there are Celtic (凯尔特语的). For example, Welsh place names that begin with "Llan" come from the Celtic word for church.

After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by tribes (部落) called the Anglo-Saxons who were from the area of Europe that is now Germany and Holland. Without the Roman army, it was impossible to protect the country from these people. The names of their villages often ended in "-ham" or "-ton". Some got their name from the leader of the village, so Birmingham, for example, means "Beormund's village".

The Anglo-Saxons were farmers and the landscape was very important to them, so we have villages called Upton ("village on a hill" – a good place to build a village) and Moreton ("village by a lake", where floods could make life tough). Place names that end in "-ford" (a place where you could cross a river) also describe the location of Anglo-Saxon villages.

Twelve hundred years ago, the Vikings came to England from Scandinavia. They traded with the Anglo-Saxons but lived in their own villages. These often ended in "-by" or "-thorpe". The name "Kirkby" means "a village with a church" and Scunthorpe was the village of a man called Skuma.

Finally, in 1066, England became Norman – the Normans gave us the place name "grange", which means farm.

And how about London? Experts cannot agree. The Romans called the city Londinium, but they were not the first inhabitants (居民). People once believed that the United Kingdom's capital city got its name from the castle (城堡) of a King called Lud, but this is very unlikely. Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning a fastflowing river. Like a number of British place names, its history is lost in time.

    Recently I read the Human Development Report. I couldn't help thinking about another problem which the world is facing--hunger. According to the report, 2,400 people are dying from hunger every day; nearly 13 million in southern Africa will be worried about their food supply because of earthquakes, floods or wars.

    In a word, hunger remains the biggest problem of the world today. It's strange to see that man can travel to the moon, but still doesn't know how to feed himself. You may ask, “Who steals our bread? The first thieves should be population growth, poverty and loss of rich farmland.

    In less developed areas like South Africa, the population grows faster than the crops. It is almost impossible for its government to feed so many people and provide education for them. So it is very important to control the population growth and protect their farmland in countries whose people are suffering from hunger.

    According to the report, the world's food production is enough to feed everyone if it is given away well. But the problem is that the developed countries are eating food that should be given to the poor. Although they are just using their own earning, the fact is that they are coldly watching others starving away.

    Luckily, some developed countries such as Netherlands, Norway and Sweden have done a lot to help those hungry people in African countries. We hope other developed countries will follow them.

Why Do We Get Angry?

    Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behaviour, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发) events, personality traits(特征), and our assessment of situations.

    Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits.  

    Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.  

    Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative(消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.  

    However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.  

A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.

B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence or anger.

C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.

D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.

E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.

F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.

G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.

I'm sitting at the airport watching people in the last minutes before their loved ones arrive or depart.

A woman is running in circles trying to gather family members together for a 1. When the final moment comes before 2, she wraps her arms around her son, giving him a 3 hug that should protect him until she 4.

I sit with a book in my hands, waiting for my turn to leave, 5 because the ones I love have a different 6 from mine.

I think of other departures and arrivals. I 7 seeing my daughter. I wrapped myself around her as if she'd been 8. That year she was in her first year at university, coming home for the first time.

Today my flight is two hours late. When my flight is 9 called  I gather my book and luggage. 10 there is no one to see me off, I do not 11 to see where I have come from. 12, I think of my husband at work 13 if I have left yet.

As I head towards the plane, I find myself 14 yet another arrival and departure. That year, my 91-year-old grandfather died. After returning from his funeral, I arrived at the airport 15. My husband of only a year was waiting at the gate to take me in his arms. Because of my tears, 16 was looking at us, but I didn't 17.

Life needs the important 18 all the time. I wish that all the people who went on a 19 could come back to find someone 20 them. I also wish they could leave with someone to see them off.

An old man was seated in the train with his 25-year-old son. As train started, the young man was filled  much joy and curiosity.

He was seated on the window side. He stuck out one hand  (feel) the passing air. He shouted, "Papa see all the trees are going behind". The old man smiled and  (admire) his son's emotions.

There was a couple  were seated beside the young man. They were just sitting and listening to the conversation between the father  the son. They  (probable) thought it's somewhat awkward,  (observe) the 25-year-old man was behaving like a small child.

Suddenly the young man again shouted, "Papa see the pond and animals. Clouds are moving with the train". The couple was watching the young man visibly embarrassed of his  (behave).

Now it started raining and some water drops touched the young man's hand. He shouted excitedly again, "Papa it's raining. The water  (touch) me, see papa".

The couple couldn't help themselves any longer and asked the old man, "Why don't you visit the doctor and get your son treated?" The old man said, "Yes, we were coming from the hospital. Today only my son got eyesight first time in  (he) life."

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

    Last month, I had a unpleasant holiday. Having visited the Australian mainland before, I planned to going to the Solomon Islands. With my disappointment, the guide cut my holiday shortly by 2 days. He also sent me to the same places I had visited them the year before. In addition, the holiday I go on included none of the activities mentioned in the travel plan. To make matters bad, I had to share a double room with someone I did not know, despite the fact I had paid for a single room. Last but not least, my luggages arrived a week late because of the delay causes by the travel agency.

1）列举你们学校开展的三项社团活动；

2）介绍你感兴趣的活动，说明原因及这些活动带给你的益处；

3）请你就如何选择课外活动提出两条建议。

注意：1）数100左右;

2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;

3）书信开头和结尾已为你写好.

Dear editor,

Yours,

Li Hua