Broad Band: by Claire L. Evans. Portfolio, 2018（$27）

    Though often outnumbered by men, women stayed in the booming field of computing. In this inspiring tale, writer Evans records the contributions of some B. ROAD of the many women who aided the rise of the modern Internet. Memorable characters include Elizabeth "Jake" Feinler, an information scientist who helped researchers navigate the Arpane and Stacy Horn, who started one of the first social networks, Echo.

    The Wizard and the Prophet: by Charles C. Mann. Knopf, 2018（$28. 95）

    The human population is moving toward 10 billion—some experts think we'll nearly hit that mark by 2050. How will the earth feed, house and otherwise support such a crowd？Environmental thinkers usually fall into one of two camps: those who prefer conservation and controlling consumption, like William ems, Norman Borlaug, for example, Writer Mann carefully record the lives and thought of the founder of these two philosophies.

    A Lab of One's Own: by Patricia Fara. Oxford University Press, 2018($24. 95)

    In World War I many women in the U. K. replaced their aprons with chemical suits and stepped into previously male-only fields of science, where they led war research efforts. Science historian Fara illustrates the lives of many of these forgotten women. Although the era marked a major step forward for women scientists, many worked for small wages in an environment of discrimination. In the nearly 100 years since, women have come a long way, Fara writes, but the glass ceilings remain solid and the pipelines leaky.

    Atom Land: by Jon Buterworth. The Experiment, 2018（319. 95）

    Butterworth takes readers on an amusing journey through the unknown OMS world of particle（粒子）physics. The first stop is "Atom Land," where Butterworth explains how electrons, protons and neutrons come together to build up everything we know. As the journey unfolds, we learn about lesser-known particles. Thankfully, our ship is equipped with tools such as mathematical equations（方程式）and a "laser light" that lights up the darkest of concepts.

    Adrian Lamo, a Colombian-American threat analyst and former hacker, died in Sedgwick County, Kansas on Friday, at the age of 37. He was best known for passing on information that led to the arrest of Chelsea Manning.

    Lamo first gained media attention in the early 2000s for breaking into several high-profile computer networks, including those of The New York Times, Yahoo, and Microsoft, ending in his 2003 arrest when he eventually turned himself in.

    However, Lamo gained worldwide ill reputation in 2010 for disclosing to the FBI that the U.S. soldier, Chelsea Manning had leaked confidential information to Wikileaks. Manning had reached out to Lamo via a messaging app and told him that he had gained access to hundreds of thousands of classified documents and had leaked to Wikileaks a video of U.S. military forces in a helicopter machine madly gunning down journalists and Iraqi civilians. But, Lamo chose to report him and informed the U.S. military of the leak.

    Held responsible for the biggest leak of classified data in U.S. history, Manning was declared guilty by court martial and was sentenced to 35 years in prison, but was granted mercy by former President Barack Obama, who said his prison term was "disproportionate".

    Looking back on his decision to give up Manning, Lamo told US News and World Report in 2017 that it was "not his most honorable moment".

    However, he added that he had learned a lot from the experience, including that "you can't really know a person or their motives unless you've sat where they sat and seen the situation through their eyes, no matter how much you believe you do".

    Charity is simple in theory：A heart warms, a hand reaches out. In practice, though, charity can become a troubled mix of motives and consequences. Giving can be driven by guilt, duty, praise, or perhaps the hope that giving will somehow make up for past cruelty or ignorance. Too little charity is far less than valuable. Too much can cause dependence which makes the receiver continuously ask for more.

    Giving from the heart is good. But critics have long worried about misdirected charity that does more harm than good. In his 2012 book, "Harmful Charity: How Churches and Charities Hurt Those They Help（And How to Solve the Problem）, "Robert Lupton, an experienced social worker of 40 years of community work in inner-city Atlanta, argues that charity must not do for the poor what they can do for themselves.

    Due to emergencies such as natural disasters, the afterward financial aid is greatly welcome. Mr. Lupton advocates it should focus on the development of self-supporting. The task can be carried out via, for instance, offering microloans, hiring local builders and suppliers, and trying to found self-supported, locally owned and operated enterprises. What seldom works, he argues, are untargeted handouts from far-off providers and the sudden arrival of inexperienced volunteer-tourists hoping to earn personal reputation by digging wells or mending roofs that locals are perfectly able to take care of themselves.

    Getting charity right isn't easy. But from money raising to the boom in volunteering among Millennials（千禧一代）, from the increasing worldwide willingness to give to the efforts by charity organizations to become more effective and fruitful, there is strong evidence that human beings' ability of taking care of others is growing along with their ability to help without harming.

    Charity can be as simple as holding the door for a stranger and as complex as a global campaign to get rid of malaria（疟疾）.Charity works best when it returns the weak to strength, when it helps a small town shaken by a heavy earthquake get back on its feet. A successful charity is one that eventually is no longer needed.

    Kaitlin Woolley and Ayelet Fishbach report in Psychological Science that a meal taken "family-style" from a central plate can greatly improve the outcome of later negotiations.

    Having conducted previous research in 2017 revealing that eating similar foods led to people feeling emotionally closer to one another, Dr Woolley and Dr Fishbach wondered whether the way in which food was served also had a psychological effect. They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of competition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others' needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments.

    For the first test they recruited 100 pairs of participants from a local cafe, none of whom knew each other. The participants were seated at a table and fed tortilla chips with salsa. Half the pairs were given their own basket of 20 grams of chips and a bowl of 25 grams of salsa, and half were given 40 grams of chips and 50 grams of salsa to share. As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began.

    The game asked the participants to negotiate an hourly wage rate during a fictional strike. Each person was randomly assigned to represent the union or management and follow a set of rules.

    The researchers measured cooperation by noting the number of rounds it took to reach an agreement, and found that those who shared food resolved the strike significantly faster（in 8. 7rounds）than those who did not（13.2 rounds）. A similar experiment was conducted with 104

participants and Goldfish crackers（饼干）, this time negotiating an airline's route prices. The results were much the same, with the food-sharers negotiating successfully 63. 3%of the time and those who did not share doing so 42. 9%of the time.

    You can take fish oil supplements. You can invest in a language class. There are countless methods to improve your memory and cognitive functioning.. It's called reading. It is amazing how such an ordinary activity can improve your brain in so many ways.

    The most basic impact occurs in the brain area associated with language reception. Compared with processing spoken language, reading encourages the brain to work harder and better.. A study found that some of those benefits lasted for five days.

    Reading also energizes the region responsible for motor activity. That's because the brain is a very lively play actor. When it is reading about a physical activity, the neurons（神经元）that control that activity get busy as well. You may not actually be riding a horse when you're reading Seabiscuit, but your brain acts as if it is., the better it is for your overall cognitive performance.

    What if you are a poor reader who feels as if you'll never be able to read enough to harvest these benefits?. Scientists studied children aged eight to ten who were below-average readers. One hundred hours of reading classes significantly improved the quality of their brains' white matter -the tissue that carries signals between areas of gray matter, where information is processed.

    . Results from a study indicate that close literary reading gives your brain a better workout than leisurely reading. The ability to read closely needs to be developed. So turn off your phone and your computer, set aside a good hour or two-and just read.

A. Reading is good for your health

B.A book can fix that problem too

C. If you read books on a regular basis

D. Not all reading is actually created equal

E. And the benefits continue long after reading

F. The more parts of your brain that get a workout

G. But the most effective way to sharpen your brain is right here

A chance encounter left both inspired about the country

    Anthony Maggert knew just about everything about Colin Powell. He'd read all of his books. He'd watched him on television, awed by the1 he showed even in the hardest times. And then, he got into the military, 2 23 years in Afghanistan, where he lost one3. It had been Powell whom he'd thought of 4. He was an ideal to strive toward.

    On Tuesday, Maggert was driving on the Capital Beltway. When he noticed a tall man5down beside his car, trying to fix a flat front tire, Maggert immediately thought he 6him.

    But no, it couldn't be. Out here? Thinking he'd help the trapped driver7way, he8his car, and with an artificial leg, walked toward the man. That was when he realised that he'd been9. A few miles away, in Washington, the government had shut down, two sides shouting at each other.  But out here, the matter at hand was 10, a flat tire. The two of them11about Afghanistan while fixing the tire.

    "Such a gentleman,"Maggert said of the former U. S. secretary of state, now 81, 12whom he again saw that effortless calm. "I hope when I'm that13, I'm as energetic as he is." All that day, Maggert thought about what happened.

    Later that day, Maggert wrote him a14:"General Powell,I hope I never forget today because I'll never forget reading your books," he said.  "You were always a(n)15, a leader and statesman. You were the giant whose shoulders we stood upon to carry the torch to16the way and now it is tomorrow's generation that must do the same. "

    Powell then17in kind: "Thanks, Anthony," he wrote in a public Facebook post. "You touched my soul and18me about why this country is so great. Let's stop19at each other. Let's just take care of each other. You made my 20."

    Cambridge University in the UK acknowledged on Monday that it did consider a Chinese student's score on the national college entrance exams knownthe gaokao for new admissions. It also stressed that admissions are not only based on test scores but a comprehensive (assess)of each applicant. The response came after inquiries poured in over the last two days(follow)news reports claiming Cambridge started accepting China's gaokao scores from new(applicant).

    The reports (apparent) raised hopes of many Chinese students and parentsthought entrance requirements to the storied university had now become somewhat (easy). Many netizens even jokedthey could retake their gaokao and get a better mark they would apply to the famed university. The university, however, says it  (consider) gaokao scores for years, requiring a student(rank) in the top 0.1 percent on the test in their province. Students also have to pass the still-required test, IELTS.

    In addition to Cambridge University, there are six other universities in the UK that recognize gaokao scores.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Henry,

    I'm more than delighted to hear of you. As for the ancient Chinese poems what impress me most, I'd like to share one with you.

    The poem is The Awaiting Stone by Wang Jian, one of the most famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. The poem sings high praise for a wife's love for her husband. Every time I read the poem, a sad-looking woman stands in the rain and wind seems to appear in the front of me, waiting for her husband to return. The poem rhyme and is very short, which makes it easy understand. That's because it has been popular ever since.

    I hope you will like them and the Chinese culture as well.

Yours,

Li Hua

1）学校的图书馆；

2）主要的读书活动；

3）你喜欢的图书类型。

注意：

1）词数100左右；

2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。