阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。 Australia&#039;s Great Barrier Reef(礁) is the world&#039;s largest...

题型：阅读选择题类：模拟题难易度：容易

浙江省杭州市拱墅区2018年各类高中招生文化考试英语全真模拟（二模）试题（含完整音频）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。

Australia's Great Barrier Reef(礁) is the world's largest reef system. It is over 2,600 kilometers long. The reef is home to many animals: fish, birds, turtles, sharks and even whales. Unfortunately, the reef that all these animals call home is in danger.

Climate(气候)change, over fishing and water pollution are damaging(毁坏)the reef every year. Coral(珊瑚)reef experts at Australian universities say that if we do nothing to stop it, the coral reef could be destroyed before the year 2030.

Everyday things like driving cars, using electricity and running a factory give out greenhouse gases into the air. These gases make Earth warmer and warmer. This is a problem for the Great Barrier Reef and other reefs around the world.

Coral is very fragile, and even a 2-degree increase in water temperature is enough to kill it, according to Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, reef researcher at the University of Queensland, Australia. If the water temperature doesn't go down, the coral dies.

But it's not only the coral that's in danger. One quarter of all sea life lives on coral reefs.

If air pollution is not slowed down or stopped, then the water will warm by at least 3 degrees in the next 20 years, according to reef experts in a report from University of Queensland. This would spell the end for the Great Barrier Reef and all its sea life.

（1）、Which of the following can damage the Great Barrier Reef?

a. sea animals b. global warming c. overfishing d. water pollution

A、abc B、acd C、bcd D、abd

（2）、Ove Hoegh-Guldberg said that _____.

A、the coral reef will be destroyed before 2030 B、greenhouse gases are the biggest problem C、rising water temperatures could kill the coral D、other sea animals living in coral reefs are also in danger

（3）、The underlined word "fragile" in Paragraph 4 probably means _____.

A、easily damaged B、hard to break C、small and soft D、clean and tidy

（4）、The passage tells us that _____.

A、coral can easily get used to changes B、it's time to take action to protect coral C、coral in other areas is not in danger D、all sea animals will die with the Great Barrier

举一反三

Monarch butterflies from eastern Canada make the most amazing journey in the insect world. Each year, this butterfly travels about 3000miles to its winter home in central Mexico(墨西哥). How can it fly so far? And why does it make this long and dangerous trip? Scientists still don't have an answer.

For many years, people in Mexico wondered where the orange-and-black butterflies came from every winter. Then, in 1937, a scientist started to follow and study the butterflies. For the next 20 years, he discovered that one butterfly started its journey in Canada. Four months later, it arrived in Mexico.

The length of the butterflies find their way back to the same place? Another amazing thing is that the butterflies always return to the same area in central Mexico.

How do the butterflies find their way back to the same place? This is an interesting question because only every fourth generation(代) makes the trip south. In other words, the butterfly that travels to Mexico this year is the great-great-grandchild of the butterfly that traveled there last year.

Each year, four generations of a Monarch butterfly family are born. Each generation of the family has a very different life. The first generation is born in the south in late April. It slowly moves north, reproduces(繁衍), and then dies. On the trip north,two more generations are born, reproduce, and die. Each of these generations of butterflies is born. This generation has a much longer life. It lives for about eight months. This generation of butterflies makes the amazing journey back to the winter home of its great-great-grandparents. The butterflies spend the winter there, and in the spring they reproduce and then die. Their offspring will be the first generation of the next circle of life.

Today, people are still studying the Monarch butterfly. But they are not clear about everything.

   When you are curious about something and want to know more about it, you can use the way of asking questions. Asking questions is the first step to make discoveries and find interesting answers. The following steps can guide you during the research.
   Step 1 Write down the subject that you are interested in on a piece of paper. Just get the main idea down. For example, you might write:
Discover more about robots.
   Step 2 Stop and think for a moment about what you have already known about your subject. List what you have already known like the sentences below:
   1. The first robot appeared in the USA in 1959.
   2. A robot can do housework and act as a teacher.
   3. Sometimes a robot catches viruses and causes a lot of problems.
   Step 3 What can you do with what you want to learn? By asking questions, start writing down questions about the robots on the paper:
   1. What might robots be like in the future?
   2. What other things can robots do for people?
   3. What kind of power will robots possibly use in five years?
   Step 4 Armed with your list of questions, you can now go to the nearest library or computer to begin your research. As you learn more about your subject, you'll probably discover some new questions.
   For example, you might discover that robots can help scientists explore dangerous places, like the sea and outer space. How? What happened? Asking new questions can help you research your subject more widely.
   The next time you find something interesting to research, take time to organize your thinking by asking good questions. And remember that learning more always brings more questions.

读下面短文，根据短文内容判断句子正误。正确的涂A，错误的涂B。
The bicycle is really an important means of transportation in China. Bicycles have become more and more popular in China. People ride bikes to their workplaces, to shopping centers, to schools, and so on. During the rush hour, you can often see a lot of bicycles running . With the largest number of bike riders in the world,China is often called the kingdom of bicycles. There are many advantages(优点) about the bicycle. For example bicycles do not cause(导致) air or sound pollution; compared with cars, bicycles cause no environmental（环境）problems; bicycles save energy() and parking places; riding bikes to travel can be a wonderful exerience; the bicycle make us go anywhere nearby easily; bikes are not very expensive, and almost every family can afford them; riding bikes regularly is also good for people's health.

    Decisions, decisions! Our lives are full of them, from the small ones to the life-changing. The right to choose is central to everyone. Yet sometimes we make bad decisions that leave us unhappy or full of regret. Can science help?
    Most of us know little about the mental processes that lie behind our decisions. Luckily, what psychologists(心理学家)are finding may help us all make better choices. Here are some of their amazing discoveries to help you make up your mind.
    Consider your emotions. You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision making, but in fact they are a part of it. Whenever you make up your mind, your brain's emotional centre is active. University of Southern California scientist, Antonio Damasia, has studied people with damage to only the emotional parts of their brains , and found that they were unable to make basic choices about what to wear or eat. Damasia thinks this may be because our brains store emotional memories of past choice, which we use to help the present decision-making.
However, making choices under the influence of an emotion can greatly affect the result. Take anger, for example. A study by Nitika Garg of the University of Mississippi and other scientists found the angry shoppers were more likely to choose the first thing they were offered rather than considering other choices. It seems that anger can lead us to make quick decisions without much thinking.
    All emotions affect our thinking and motivation（动机），so it may be best to avoid making important decisions under their influence. Yet strangely there is one emotion that seems to help us make good choices. The American researchers found that sad people took time to consider the various choices on offer, and ended up making the best choices. In fact many studies show that people who feel unhappy have the most reasonable view of the world.

阅读理解

Climbing Mount Qomolangma, the World's highest mountain, has now become more difficult. The government of Nepal asks climbers to come down the mountain with at least 18 pounds of garbage. That's the average amount of garbage a climber leaves behind on Mount Qomolangma.

Climbers would leave garbage along the way. This helps climbers keep their bags light, so they would have energy to reach the summit. The garbage problem in Mount Qomolangma is not new. In 2013, climbers carried down a total of four tons of garbage.

The new rule came into effect in April of 2014. To make sure it is followed, climbers will have to hand in some money to the officials before they climb the mountain. When they climb back down the mountain, the officials will check them to make sure they bring down the 18 pounds of garbage. If they do, their money will be given back to them. If not, climbers won't get their money back. Also, the officials won't let these people climb the mountain again.

阅读理解

People have understood that kindness is good for the person who receives help. For example, when we give food to a hungry person, he is lucky. However, scientists have recently begun to study the effect(影响)of the kindness on the person giving it. What they have found is that doing good is good for the doer(行为者).Acts of kindness can improve health, help a person reach goals and even add years to a person's life.

The first study to show the connection between doing good and living a long life was a study on aging(衰老). Beginning in 1956, scientists studied a group of married mothers for 30 years. They thought the women with the most children would die first. But the number of children a woman had did not matter. Wealth did not matter. Education did not matter. What did matter was whether they volunteered. Women that volunteered had fewer diseases during their life.

Many other studies have found the same positive(积极的)effects. Helping other people improves long-term health. The gains are the same for men, women, old people and the young. Those who volunteered had fewer serious diseases than those who did not volunteer. This included diseases such as heart attack, cancer and stroke.

Scientists are studying many possible causes. One possible cause is an increase in antibodies(抗体)，which help fight against disease. One study showed the body produces more antibodies after an act of kindness.

Another one is an increase in Oxytocin(催生素)，it is a chemical that fights the effects of stress from life. Scientists have found a link between being kind to people and an increase in the chemical oxytocin.

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