- 二一组卷

题型：阅读选择题类：常考题难易度：普通

牛津版（深圳·广州）2018-2019学年初中英语八年级下册Unit 2 自主检测

阅读理解

Climbing Mount Qomolangma, the World's highest mountain, has now become more difficult. The government of Nepal asks climbers to come down the mountain with at least 18 pounds of garbage. That's the average amount of garbage a climber leaves behind on Mount Qomolangma.

Climbers would leave garbage along the way. This helps climbers keep their bags light, so they would have energy to reach the summit. The garbage problem in Mount Qomolangma is not new. In 2013, climbers carried down a total of four tons of garbage.

The new rule came into effect in April of 2014. To make sure it is followed, climbers will have to hand in some money to the officials before they climb the mountain. When they climb back down the mountain, the officials will check them to make sure they bring down the 18 pounds of garbage. If they do, their money will be given back to them. If not, climbers won't get their money back. Also, the officials won't let these people climb the mountain again.

（1）、The government of Nepal asks climbers of Mount Qomolangma to .

A、take fewer things to the top of the mountain B、bring at least 18 pounds of food with them C、bring down the garbage left by other climbers D、bring down at least 18 pounds of garbage when they come down the mountain

（2）、Why do climbers leave garbage along the way?

A、Because they want to leave some food for others. B、Because the garbage can help others find them. C、Because they want to keep their bags light. D、Because the garbage can show them how to come down.

（3）、How much garbage was brought down Mount Qomolangma in 2013?

A、4 tons. B、8 tons. C、14 tons. D、18 tons.

（4）、Now the climbers have to before they climb Mount Qomolangma.

A、hand in some money to the officials B、leave plastic bags behind them C、tell the officials when they will come down D、tell the officials how many bags they will bring

举一反三

In the sea there are many islands. In its warm waters there are some little ones. We call them coral(珊瑚) islands.
A coral island is very nice to look at. It looks like a ring of land with trees, grass, and flowers on it. One part of the ring is open to the water. There is a little round lake inside the island.
If you look into this lake, you will see beautiful coral. You may think they are flowers.
If you look at a piece of coral, you will see many little holes in it. In each of these holes a very small sea animal has lived. These sea animals make the coral.
They began to build under the water. Year after year, the coral grew higher and higher. At last it grew out of the water.
Then the sea brought to it small trees and something else. After some years, these things changed into earth. Sometimes the wind brought seeds to this earth. Sometimes birds flew over it and brought seeds to the island. The little seeds grew. In a few years there were plants all over the island. In a few more years there were trees growing there.
So you see, these islands were built little by little. The workers were very small. Don't they teach us a lesson? Can you think what the lesson is?

Taking away a city's rubbish is a big job. Every day trucks come into a city to collect it. Most rubbish is made up of things we can't eat or use. If we kept these things we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.
In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside of the city to a dump(垃圾站). Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewagesystem takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs(澡盆) and other places.
To keep mice and flies away, some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish. Later, grass may be planted on the rubbish-filled land. Finally, a house or a school may be built there, and then you'd never know that this had once been an old rubbish dump.
In other cities the rubbish is burnt in special places. The fire burns everything but the metal. Sometimes the metal can be used again in factories where things are made of metal. The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles where they slowly change into something called humus(腐殖土), which looks like black earth. It is rich with kinds of things that feed plants and help make them grow.

阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
We've all heard of mermaids. They are the beautiful half-human, half-fish creatures(生物). They have the head and body of a human and the tail of a fish. We also know that mermaids only exist in fairy tales. But where did all the stories about these creatures come from? If you have ever seen a manatee, then you might have an idea.
Manatees, which are also called sea cows, are mammals(哺乳动物) that live in the sea. Since they are mammals, they have to swim up to the surface to breathe air. Many people believe that the story of the mermaid began with the ancient sailors who saw the manatees putting their heads out of the water to breathe. Because manatees are upright when they do this, it looks like they are standing. If a sailor saw a manatee doing this from far away across the sea, it is possible that the sailor would mistake the manatee for a creature that is half-human, half-fish.
Mermaids are described as having very long hair. This is probably because manatees like to swim up to the surface of the water in areas where there is sea grass. Manatees eat all kinds of plants in the sea, including sea grass. The sea grass around the manatee's head when they eat could create a picture of long hair.

Manatees also have powerful tails that are very similar to the fish-like tail of a mermaid. The sailors probably watched manatees come up for air and then swim back below the surface, using their paddle-shaped tails. This would explain why the sailors thought mermaids had fish-like tails.

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。
    Do you know that each child in school catches six to ten colds every year? Though there is no cure for colds, there are some suggestions for you to avoid getting a cold.
    First, you can avoid catching a cold by practicing healthy habits. Begin by eating healthy foods. Eat lots of fruits and vegetables and drink milk and juice. Other healthy habits include getting plenty of sleep at night and lots of exercise.
    Next, you should try to avoid contact with the viruses that cause colds. If you can, stay away from large crowds. When people cough(咳嗽) and sneeze(打喷嚏), the cold virus goes into the air. Do not share a drinking cup, fork, or spoon with someone else because that could spread the virus. Washing you hands is also a good way not to catch a cold. The cold virus may be on the things like telephones and money. Shaking another person's hand could even spread the virus. By washing your hands, you can stop the virus from infecting(传染).
    Following the suggestion above until doctors find a way to stop the viruses that cause colds.

阅读理解

How do animals communicate (交流) with each other? They have special “languages”. In fact, they are using signals (信号). Different signals have different meanings.

For example, when a bee (蜜蜂) finds food somewhere, it flies home quickly. It can't speak, but it can tell others by dancing. Other bees will know where and how far the food is.

Some animals show their feelings by making sounds. For example, when a dog is angry, it barks (吠). At this time, you'd better stay away from it. Birds can make several sounds to show different meanings. Sometimes we humans show feelings by making sounds instead of by speaking. For example, when we feel painful (疼痛的), we cry“Oh!”or“Ouch!”.

We humans have languages and words. We can communicate face to face by speaking. We can write down what happened in order to remember clearly. We can also send (寄) messages to people far away. But animals can't.

根据短文内容，判断正误。

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated(关联) with beneficial effects on cognitive function (认知功能). This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.

The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain .Lifelong exposure(接触) to green space in the living places was recorded—using the information on the children's addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中)were graded with computers.

“This is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure to green space and brain structure.” Says Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher of the study, “Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.”

The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.

Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in school with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.

Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.

Dr. Dadvand's study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green spaces on cognitive development, it also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.

Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climates. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.

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