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题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:困难

江苏省泰州市泰州中学2017-2018学年高二上册英语开学摸底考试试卷

任务型阅读

    Caffeine myth or caffeine fact? It's not always easy to know. Chances are you have some misunderstanding about caffeine. Read on. Here are some of the most common myths about caffeine and some facts have been gathered to shed light on them.

Myth one: Caffeine is addictive

    Caffeine is a stimulant(起刺激作用的食物) to the central nervous system, and regular use of caffeine does cause mild physical dependence. But caffeine doesn't threaten your physical, social, or economic health the way addictive drugs do. If you stop taking caffeine abruptly, you may have symptoms for a day or more, especially when you have been used to consuming two or more cups of coffee a day. However, caffeine does no cause the severity of withdrawal or harmful drug-seeking behaviors as drugs or alcohol. For this reason, most experts don't consider caffeine dependence a serious addiction.

Myth two: Caffeine probably causes insomnia(失眠症)

    Processed mainly through the liver, caffeine has a relatively short half-life. This means you can get rid of half of it within about five to seven hours on average. After eight to ten hours, 75% of the caffeine is gone. For most people, a cup of coffee or two in the morning won't prevent them from sleeping at night. Consuming caffeine later in the day, however, can interfere with sleep. Your sleep won't be affected if you don't consume caffeine at least six hours before going to bed.

Myth three: Caffeine harms children

    As of 2004, children aged 6 to 9 consumed about milligrams of caffeine per day. This is well within the recommended limit. However, energy drinks that contain a lot of caffeine are becoming increasingly popular, so this number may go up. Some kids are sensitive to caffeine, developing temporary anxiety or irritability, with a “crash” afterwards. Also, most caffeine that kids drink is in sodas, energy drinks, or sweetened teas, all of which have high sugar content. These empty calories put kids at higher risk for obesity. Even if the caffeine itself isn't harmful, caffeinated drinks are generally not good for kids.

Myth four: Caffeine has no health benefits

    Caffeine has few proven health benefits. But the list of caffeine's potential benefits is interesting. Any regular coffee drinkers may tell you that caffeine improves alertness, concentration, energy and clear-headedness. Scientific studies support these subjective finding. One French study even showed a slower decline in cognitive ability among women who consumed caffeine. Other possible benefits include helping certain types of headaches. These research findings are interesting, but still need to be proven.

Title

About caffeine

Facts

Caffeine if additive.

If you use caffeine , you may become physically dependent on it to some extent.

Caffeine doesn't cause the severity of withdrawal or harmful drug-seekingof addictive drugs or alcohol.

Caffeine is  to cause insomnia.

Your body can  75% of the caffeine that you have consumed within eight to ten hours.

Drinking one or two cups of coffee in the morning has no effect on your sleep at night.

 consuming caffeine at least six hours before going to bed, and your sleep won't be affected.

Caffeine harms children.

Consuming caffeine within the  limit does no harm to children.

Energy drinks that contain a lot of caffeine and sugar have gained increasing among children.

It is not the caffeine itself but caffeinated drinks that are generally not good for children.

People don't benefit from caffeine.

Caffeine can help people become more alert, concentrated,, and clear-headed.

Caffeine may help ease problem with .

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    While going through life with the pursuit of money on our mind, we're often told that money can't buy happiness. But what truth is there in the saying? Is there a relation between money and happiness?  {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Humans are very sensitive to change. When we get a rise, we really enjoy it. But some studies have shown that in North America, additional income beyond 75,000 dollars a year stops impacting day-to-day happiness. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}They often end up spending all the money, going into debt, and experience ruined social relationships.

    So surely money can't really buy happiness. Well, recent studies suggest that the problem may actually be in the way that we spend money. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}Studies show that people who spend their money on others feel happier. As for the people who spend money on themselves, their happiness is unchanged.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#} One experiment showed that instead of an organization writing a large check to a charity, dividing the amount up among employees, allowing them to contribute to a charity of their choice, increased their job satisfaction. Similarly, individuals that spend money on each other, as opposed to themselves, not only increase job satisfaction, but improve the team performance.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Interestingly, the specific way money is spent on others isn't important. Spending something on others is the important aspect of increasing your happiness.

A. The same principle has been tested on teams and organizations as well.

B. Money has more effect on the vast majority of people in the long run.

C. Instead of buying things for yourself, try giving some of it to other people and see how you feel.

D. And if so, how can we use it to our advantage?

E. Almost everywhere we look in the world, we see that giving money to others is positively related to happiness,

F. And while you're saving up for these greatest experiences, don't forget the daily joys in life.

G. In fact, people who win a lottery often report becoming extremely unhappy.

任务型阅读

    Yu Xu, one of China's first female fighter pilots who could fly a J-10 jet, died during a flight training in Tangshan in North China's Hebei province on Saturday. Almost all major media outlets have sung high praise for Yu's spirit. People's Daily said: "She died for the peace and happiness of so many families ... The name of Yu and other heroes will be carved not only in stone, but also in the hearts of millions." However, despite being a news hit, a lot of social media platforms still pay much attention to pop stars, no matter their weddings, problematic marriages or just datings. The day Yu died, she did not even make it to the top-10 hot topics on micro blogs.

    Some netizens have criticized such people for being too cold to news about heroes who defend our country. They even quoted from the book, Amusing Ourselves to Death, to express their concerns over people being misled by new media while referring to pop stars as "xi zi", a contemptuous(轻蔑的) term used for entertainment stars in the old days.

    However, it is unnecessary to shame those netizens who were busy reading about film stars and other celebrities. We live in the age of social and new media, where the celebrities usually draw greater public attention than real heroes. This is partly because the agents(经纪人) of celebrities(名人)are very skilled at using social tools to expand their fan base for commercial gains.

    Of course, we should admit the great influence entertainment has on people's minds and it helps the media industry make money. Pop stars do take up a lot of our time, and especially many young people waste their spare energy on them, their new songs, new movies, even rumors about their love life and other scandals. The domestic media industry needs improvement, some entertainment stars should improve their public images, but it is not right to call them "xi zi".

    The media may be encouraging people to pay greater attention to celebrities than military heroes, but that does not necessarily mean people pay less respect to heroes than stars. The increasing number of reports about the pilot shows the heroes are worth people's added attention, and they get it.

Greater attention to celebrities doesn't mean less respect for heroes

Introduction to the news

In an unexpected accident during a fight training Yu Xu {#blank#}1{#/blank#} her life in Tangshan, Hebei Province on Saturday, who was a female fighter pilot of the J-10 jet.

Different attitudes toward the news

Almost all major media outlets have thought{#blank#}2{#/blank#} of Yu's spirit including People's Daily, which commented that Yu's name will{#blank#}3{#/blank#} down in history with other heroes.

A lot of social media platforms cared little about Yu's death, which {#blank#}4{#/blank#}to enter the top-10 topics on micro blogs.

Criticism for not caring about heroes

Being cold to the news about heroes makes some netizens even disrespectfully call pop stars “xi zi” to show their{#blank#}5{#/blank#}

Reasons for greater attention to stars

In order to make money, the agents of celebrities are trying to {#blank#}6{#/blank#} more fans for their employers with their social skills.

The media industry uses the influence of{#blank#}7{#/blank#} to make money and keeps trying to satisfy people's  {#blank#}8{#/blank#}about pop stars' privacy(隐私).

Conclusion

More and more reports about the pilot have{#blank#}9{#/blank#}up, which reflects the heroes{#blank#}10{#/blank#} people's added attention and they get it.

任务型阅读

The Value of Tears

    Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose.Tears leave you embarrassed and without energy.Still, crying is a fact of life, and your tears are very useful.Even when you're not crying, they make a film over the eye's surface{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    When tears fall, they reduce stress.But we tend to fight them for all! sorts of reasons. "People worry about showing their emotions , afraid that once they lose control they'll never get it back{#blank#}2{#/blank#}After we cry, the feelings that caused the tears often disappear.

    Sometimes people become much stressed and can't cry. Whatever emotion they are feeling—shock, anger, fear, or sadness—is being held back.

But everyone has the need to cry. Psychologist Vera Diamond explains that her treatment often consists of giving people permission to cry{#blank#}3{#/blank#} Patients practice crying just to become used to expressing emotions.She suggests safe, private places to cry, like under the bedcovers or in the car.Crying is a way of reducing tension, but people don't like it when others cry because it makes them tense{#blank#}4{#/blank#} And they'll do just about anything to make you stop.

    In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate.It's good not to cry during a tense business discussion{#blank#}5{#/blank#}You should also act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like.It will help you feel better. "And," she adds, "Once your tears have taken away the stress, you can begin to think calmly of ways to deal with the problem."

    Tears are a sign of our ability to feel.If you find yourself near someone crying, deal with it.And never be afraid to cry yourself.

A.She gives crying exercises.

B.They cry for different reasons.

C.They too may be holding back a need to cry.

D.The fact is that no emotion lasts forever.

E.It contains a chemical against infection.

F.But once you're safely behind closed doors, don't just cry.

G.It forms in response to the stress on the surface of the eye.

任务型阅读

    Nobody likes to think they are “that guy” at work.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}. So, what are some of the rudest things that people do at work — and why shouldn't you do them?

    Behaving in an unacceptable way

    The most common form of this is eating smelly foods at lunchtime. Other things alike include body smell and its opposite, the wearing of strong perfume, messy desks, or bad breath.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}.

    Checking email on your phone when you're talking to other people

    A recent survey shows that 49 percent of people said their bosses checked their phones while talking with them.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}. If you've ever wondered why your team members are unmotivated, this may be why. In fact, when you're talking to someone at work, you should reject any non-important calls.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    Do you like the sound of your own voice? Great. Perhaps it's time you learned to like the sound of other people's voices too. If you interrupt others when they speak, they'll dislike you and discount whatever you're saying. And if you routinely take up three quarters of the meeting with your monologues(独角戏), people will turn off and, quite rightly, start checking email on their phones. However, if you listen to what others say and show interest by asking intelligent questions, they'll love you and be likely to give you their support when you speak.

    Showing off how much you earn

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#}. If you show off your income to someone and then discover you get less than them, you'll look like a fool. If you earn more, they'll feel tired of you. So keep them guessing and hide your earning power in quiet ways — like always paying for the team coffees.

A. Talking all the time

B. Being a good listener

C. Team-working can never be ignored

D. All these things will become part of your personal brand

E. It's better to be modest when you talk about your incomes

F. Bad behavior at work is common — and often we do it without thinking

G. An interesting email is more valuable than the person you are actually talking to

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to Improve Eyesight Naturally

    Eyes are important for everybody. You must take care and try everything in your hand to keep them in good condition. Here are some of the tips to improve your eyesight naturally.

    {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Strain is known to be a factor in many health conditions and eyestrain is no exception. Try meditation, yoga or other methods of stress relief to improve your vision and overall health.

    Try palming.

    Sit upright in a comfortable chair.{#blank#}2{#/blank#} Cup your hands so that there is no pressure on your eyes. Let your fingers rest across your forehead. There should be no light entering your eyes. Palming should be done for a period of 5 to 10 minutes to start. Palming should be relaxing. It may help to do palming in a darkened room.

    Avoid sugar as much as possible.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} It will unpleasantly affect your eyesight, which affects the eyes by producing a larger amount of insulin (胰岛素) in the blood. Therefore you shouldn't be having much fruit juice or something that contains a lot of sugar.

    Exercise your eyes.

    The only exercise most eyes get is that daily rubbing we give them when we're tired or suffering from eyestrain. But eye exercises are actually good for your eyes and can improve your vision.{#blank#}4{#/blank#} Blink as fast as you can for a few seconds then close your eyes tightly, open and repeat. Do this exercise 3 to 4 times daily.

    Eat healthy.

    You probably hear that statement all the time but eating the right foods are necessary to good health.{#blank#}5{#/blank#} Foods that are high in fiber, vitamin C, D and beta carotene as well as other vitamins and minerals can help improve your vision. Here are a few foods that can be beneficial to good vision: carrots, eggs, blueberries, spinach, kale, grapes, and fresh garlic.

A. Reduce eyestrain.

B. Keep your eyes moist.

C. Sugar is your eyes's worst enemy.

D. Give your eyes a workout with the following exercise.

E. You may not be aware that your diet affects your vision but it does.

F. Close eyes and cover them with the palms of your hands.

G. Be sure to get plenty of sleep so your eyes don't strain to stay open during the day.

阅读短文,按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

    Some recent surveys show that the health conditions of many white collar employees and office workers are rather critical. Death cases among white collar employees and office workers are increasing year by year and these cases are generally believed to have been caused by overwork and spending little time taking rest or doing exercise.

    If their offices are within the distance of half an hour's walk, some office workers now choose to go to work on foot. Ms. Deng, who works in a foreign enterprise in Beijing, has been walking to her office for more than six months now. I usually have a tight work schedule and can't find time to do exercise. So I choose to walk to work. As she said, if the office is not far from home, most women would like to go to work on foot. Walking is good for their health and can help them to keep good figures as well.

    Apart from walking to office, one can also find time to do exercise when one is at work. The simplest way is to abandon the lift. Mr. Wei, who works in the Passenger Service Department at Shenzhen Airlines, is one of such men who frequently climb stairs to his office. I only use the lift whenever I'm with my colleagues or my boss. Otherwise, I would climb stairs instead of taking the lift.

    In addition, some office workers try to find time to go to a gym at the end of a day. Ms. Sang works in a law firm in Shenzhen. She goes to the gym several times a week when she has the time. I go to the gym every weekend. During the weekdays, I will also go there whenever I have the time. Ms. Sang and her husband both have a gym membership card for a whole year. The cards cost them 3, 000 yuan. However they think it's worth it.

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