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题型:阅读选择 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

北京101中学2020届上学期初中九年级开学摸底考试英语试卷

阅读理解

    It's common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting seems to look back at observers (观察者), following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong.

    A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle (角度) that's 15.4 degrees off to the observer's right—well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, "She's not looking at you." This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person's gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the "Mona Lisa effect (效应)". That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person's gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.

    This is important for human interaction with on screen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel that a person on—screen is looking at him or her, you don't cut the gaze of the character to that side—surprisingly, doing so would make an observer feel like the character isn't looking at anyone in the room at all. Instead, you keep the gaze straight ahead.

    Horstmann and his co—author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial—intelligence avatars (虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the "Mona Lisa" and realized she wasn't looking at him.

    To make sure it wasn't just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the "Mona Lisa" on a computer screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected (横切) Mona Lisa's gaze. To calculate (估测) the angle of Mona Lisa's gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the "Mona Lisa" portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right.

    So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn't sure. It's possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first created the term "Mona Lisa effect" just thought it was a cool name.

(1)、It is generally believed that the woman in the painting "Mona Lisa"
A、attracts the viewers to look back B、looks at the viewers wherever they stand C、fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers D、seems mysterious because of her eyes
(2)、The purpose of the experiment involving 24 people was to           .
A、calculate the angle of Mona Lisa's gaze B、create artificial-intelligence avatars C、make sure Horstmann's belief is right D、explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied
(3)、What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect?
A、 B、 C、 D、
(4)、What can we learn from the passage?
A、Horstmann thinks it's cool to create the term "Mona Lisa effect". B、The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence. C、The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers' judgement. D、Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention.
举一反三
 阅读理解

What was school like in ancient times? In Greece, 2,500 years ago, students used to get up at dawn to go to school. Classes began very early and ended when it was dark. Students didn't rest on weekends. They had classes seven days a week, so they didn't have much time for anything else. In Athens, only the sons of rich people went to school, and they started school around the age of seven. After they learned to read and write, they used to study Greek poems and historical works. Music was very important, and physical training was also important. Teachers used to hit students who didn't pay attention or were lazy. Girls stayed at home with their mothers and learned how to do housework.

In ancient Rome, boys and girls from wealthy families received a bilingual(双语) education. They had to study Greek and Latin. Students usually had classes outside, if the weather was good, or in the teacher's house. Young students sat on the floor. Older students used to sit on benches, higher up. That's how "high school"got its name.

Education was very important to the ancient Aztecs of Mexico. Boys and girls used to attend school, but they were kept in different classes. They learned Aztec history, myths, and rituals(宗教仪式), but they memorized(记住) everything because there weren't any textbooks. The boys received military training, and the girls learned how to manage the home and the family. There were two kinds of schools: one for children of rich families and another for children of ordinary families.

语法填空

A scientist named Charles had a strange idea. He wanted to{#blank#}1{#/blank#} (发明) a new kind of car which could go without a driver. It could be {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (使用) as a living room as well. That means you can go anywhere on your sofa in the car. You might say that it's impossible. But Charles succeeded in making it in a factory and named it Tridika. Tridika has no {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (轮子) and it starts working when it reaches the magnetic levitation tracks(磁悬浮轨道). As {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (人人,每人) knows, cities are developing rapidly(快速地). There are a lot of cars running on the road. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (有时) it's hard to find a place to park. Tridika can solve this problem easily because it can park on the {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (外面的) wall of the building with the help of an elevator system (电梯系统). When Tridika parks {#blank#}7{#/blank#} (它本身) in front of your apartment(公寓), you can get into your room{#blank#}8{#/blank#} (直接地) .Then Tridika becomes another living room. It's really amazing, isn't it? Tridika can hold six{#blank#}9{#/blank#} (乘客). So you can go on vacation in it with your family in your free time. Of course it can{#blank#}10{#/blank#} (也) be served as an office while you are traveling on the road. That is to say, you can travel and work at the same time.

 阅读理解

A Chinese song contest (比赛) for overseas Chinese was held in London on Sunday. It was organized by the London Chinatown Chinese Association. 

Twenty competitors were divided into three age groups: adults (18-40), juniors (12-17) and children (5-11). The contest awarded one gold, one silver and one bronze prize for each group. The winners will attend the final contest in Beijing this summer. 

In a welcome speech, Jiang Lei, consul general of the Chinese Embassy (中国大使馆总领事) in the UK, said the contest is a great platform to show the talents of overseas Chinese and promote (弘扬) traditional Chinese culture. "2024 marks the Year of the Dragon. It's especially meaningful for overseas Chinese to get together and sing Chinese songs. I believe that these young competitors will move from today's small stage to larger ones in the future," she said. 

Jacky Zhao, a 15-year-old boy, got a silver prize. "It was my first stage performance here, which I think can help me get used to the life in the UK," he said. Li Siyu, in a traditional Chinese horse-face skirt, performed the song Qingming Shanghe Tu. By mixing classical Chinese dance and Peking opera into her performance, Li successfully showed the beauty of the traditional Chinese culture to the world. 

The contest has been held for 14 years since 2011. More than 45,000 competitors from around the world attended it. It has become one of the most popular cultural events for overseas Chinese.

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