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题型:阅读选择 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

北京市东城区2018-2019学年八年级下学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读理解

Imagine That

    People may think daydreaming is bad: If students don't pay attention in class, they may have trouble doing homework. If workers spend meetings thinking about a football match, they may have difficulties finishing the job. However, scientists who study the brain (大脑) have learned many interesting things. In fact, far from being a waste of time, some scientists believe that daydreaming is a healthy and useful activity for all of our brains.

    In order to study the brain, scientists use special machines to check which parts of the brain are active at certain times. When a person is daydreaming, the machine will show the activity in the brain called the default mode (默认模式) of thinking. In the default mode, the top or outside part of the brain is very active. Actually, several parts of the brain are working together in this mode. Some scientists say in this mode the brain pays attention to itself but not the environment around the person. Usually, this happens when a person is doing easy work or boring jobs that don't need much attention, like walking to school or cooking simple foods. People are more likely to daydream during such activities.

    The importance of daydreaming lies in developing both creative and social skills. When the mind is not working on one's immediate situation or problem, then it is free to wander. A time of wandering allows the mind to create things. The ideas of new inventions or possible solutions (解决办法) to a problem may come to mind. For example, one may think of solutions to problems in relationships (关系) with other people. In fact, most daydreams have something to do with situations with others. Perhaps these are daydreams of memories of the past, or daydreams of what might be in the future. In both situations daydreams help us develop the skills we can use to communicate with others.

    As Marcus Raichle, a doctor who studies the brain from Washington University, explains: "When you don't use a muscle (肌肉), that muscle really isn't doing much. But when your brain is doing nothing and daydreaming, it's really doing a lot." During the so-called "resting state" the brain isn't resting at all!

(1)、What does the brain pay attention to in the default mode?
A、Boring jobs. B、The brain itself. C、The person's feelings. D、The environment around the person.
(2)、The word "wander" in Paragraph 3 probably means _____________.
A、imagine B、change C、exercise D、rest
(3)、The passage is mainly about _____________.
A、what people daydream about B、when people usually daydream C、how scientists study daydreams D、why daydreaming is good for people
举一反三
 阅读理解

When something is troubling us, it's natural to try and make it go away. We might head to the doctor or make a trip to the local drug store for medicine. Unluckily these methods can be expensive and it takes time.

But have no fear, because you might be able to come up with useful home remedies (治疗方法)with nothing more than a few simple ingredients from your house.

At one time or another, it seems everyone comes down with the flu. Along with taking it easy and getting plenty of rest, you can tur to chicken soup to make you feel better. Mothers from around the world have been making it for thousands of years for sick relatives. The hot soup warms you up and its pleasant smell helps to clear up your nose. It's often prepared with onions, carrots ... which all provide vitamins.

Nothing drives people mad quite like getting the hiccups (打嗝). In some cases, nothing seems to drive them away. Next time you've got a bad case of the hiccups, try this sweet solution. Take a full teaspoon with sugar and swallow it down. The sugar is thought to get your throat muscle (肌肉) to relax. Just don't overdo it, or you might have to take a trip to the dentist.

Headaches are another trouble. If you get one, try putting a pencil in between your teeth. A major cause of headaches is stress, and when we're worried, we often tighten our jaws (咬紧牙关), which pulls a muscle that connects to our head, and this action causes the pain, By placing a pencil in our mouths, we are giving our minds a signal to relax our jaws. This can reduce (减轻) the headaches almost immediately, But just remember not to bite(咬) it hard.

 阅读理解

Have you ever heard of the term "children of the stars"? It's a special name for children with autism (自闭症). April 2 is World Autism Awareness Day. It was started by the United Nations to help people know more about autism and offer better care and support to those who have it.

Autism affects how a person grows and learns. It usually starts to show in the first three years of life. The official name for this condition is "autism spectrum disorder (自闭症谱系障碍)."

Doctors use a handbook called DSM-5 to diagnose (诊断) autism. It talks about two main autism signs: problems with talking and being with others and doing the same things over and over again.

"When I talk to my daughter or ask her to do something, she won't pay attention to me," said MengLingdi. Her daughter was diagnosed with autism at the age of 2. "She doesn't make as much eye contact with people as other kids do."

Children with autism also feel physical pain. "Many of them have epilepsy (癫痫) because their brain activity is different from that of other kids," said Sun Zhongkai at Beijing Stars and RainEducation Institute for Autism (Stars and Rain).

We don't know exactly what causes autism. But scientists think it might be a mix of things like how we grow, our genes (基因), and our environment. If a family has a child with autism, the chance of their other children having autism is about 10 times higher than usual.

 A~F六个选项分别介绍了不同的文学作品。请根据六位同学的实际情况,为他们推荐适合的读物。

Juan, a big fan of science works, enjoys anything about space secrets. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}   

Melody likes reading novels with determined and brave female characters. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}   

Catherine needs to finish a learning project about black people's lives in the past. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}   

Adam plans to write a play to tell stories of different people behind society's changes. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}   

Fiona, a new teacher, wants to better understand and help teenagers with growing pains. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}   

A. Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell

This novel focuses on the life and challenges of Scarlett O' Hara, a strong-willed lady who experiences love and survival during the American Civil War. 

B. The Three-body Problem by Cixin Liu 

In this science fiction novel, the author explores complex themes of science, philosophy, and the unexpected results of outer-space contact. 

C. Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe 

This famous novel describes the realities of slavery (奴隶制) in America through the experiences and sufferings of Uncle Tom and the people around him. 

D. War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy 

This masterpiece follows the ups and downs of several upper-class Russian families, exploring human nature and the society of the time. 

E. The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger

This work presents how Holden Caulfield, a"bad student" teenager, thinks about his life, society, and place within it after being removed from school. 

F. Teahouse by Lao She 

Telling the life of a Beijing teahouse owner and various customers, this play offers a window into Chinese society through the changes of the 20th century. 

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