阅读下列短文,从下面每题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。Asking ChatGPT 4, an AI chatbot, to write a 100-word email might take just a few seconds. But have you ever wondered about the environmental influence of this technology? The rapid growth of AI is raising concerns. Many people realize that the tool comes with hidden costs, especially the large amount of energy used by digital services.
One of the main problems is the"water footprint", the total water the AI chatbot uses in its lifetime.AI depends on data(数据) centers, which house servers that store and manage data. Once turned on, the servers produce heat. To cool them down, engineers use pipes to bring in cold water from cooling towers to take away the heat.
Data centers operate around the clock, making them very"thirsty". According to The Washington Post, ChatGPT 4 needs about 519 milliliters of water, or a little more than a bottle for every 100-word email. Each year in the US, ChatGPT 4 uses over 435 million liters of water just for emails - enough to support a regular US family for 1,050 years.
Meanwhile, data centers are"hungry" for electricity. Writing a 100-word email requires 0.14 kilowatt-hours of electricity, which can power 14 light bulbs for one hour. Yearly, ChatGPT 4 uses up over 120,000 megawatt-hours(兆瓦时) of power just to help write emails. This is enough to support all homes in Washington DC for 20 days.
Now, businesses are looking for different ways to make AI more environmentally friendly. Microsoft uses cold metal plates with cold water to cool machines. Clean energy is also helpful; for example, Tencent's data center is powered by solar energy. Another company, Google, uses developed cooling systems that rely on outside air to cut down cooling needs.