Men have always wanted to fly like birds. Birds can fly easily because they are light, but men's bodies are heavier.

    Men first went up into the air in balloons. These were big bags, and they were filled with gas. Hydrogen (氢气) is a useful gas for balloons. It is lighter than air. Helium is also lighter than air, but it costs a lot of money. So balloons are usually filled with hydrogen.

Balloons have to fly with the wind as they have no engines (发动机) to drive them. Later, men made airships. They are balloons with engines. They are also filled with hydrogen.

    Aircrafts (飞机) with wings now take people across the world. Powerful engines drive these machines across the sky. Some of the engines are like the engines of cars, but they are more powerful.

    There is another kind of engine, we call it the jet (喷射) engine. An English engineer invented the jet engine. At the same time, Germans were also building a jet engine. In May 1941, the English engineer's new engine was fixed in an aircraft, and the aircraft flew quite well.

    Jet engines are very powerful. Usually two to four are enough for an airplane, but some big aircraft need six. Anyone in a moving jet plane can feel the power of the engines. Jet planes can travel faster than sound. As a flying jet plane leaves its noise behind, we do not hear it until it has gone.

    You have probably heard the popular Australian greeting, "G'day mate!"

    G'day is a short form of "good day". And "mate" is the same as "friend". Some think that "mate" came from the word "shipmate", used by people working on ships.

    But Australian English is much more complex(复杂的) than just saying "G'day mate!". There are many special words and expressions in Australian English when you see someone you know. For example, if you're being lazy you're a "bludger". If you crash your car you've just had a "pulling a sickie".

    Australian English is a funny mixture(混合体), because English and Irish(爱尔兰的) criminals(罪犯) were sent by the British to Australia. They brought their slang(俚语) with them.

    Also, it's because there are so many special plants and animals in Australia. Many of their names come from Aboriginal(土著的) English, like "Kangaroo" and "Dingo".

    Nowadays, Australians watch a lot of American television and listen to American music. That has a large effect(影响) on the way they speak.

    There are actually three types of Australian accent(口音), but the most well-known is Broad Australian English. It is common in country areas. It's the most difficult to understand.

    So next time you meet an Australian, remember that there's a reason they sound so special!