题型:阅读表达 题类:常考题 难易度:困难
天津市静海区第一中学2019-2020学年高一上学期英语期末考试试卷
If you seek happiness, then you need to know what happiness is for you. I don't believe there is one universal definition of happiness. Happiness is a very subjective emotion, according to me. Put two people in identical situations: same amount of money, life experiences. etc. and you can be pretty sure that they both wouldn't feel equally happy or equally sad. I believe this is so because there are two kinds of happiness. There is one kind of happiness, which is kind of universal and then there is the other kind, which is very individual to each one of us. It is this kind of happiness that I find more interesting.
The second kind of happiness that I talk about comes from our expectations out of our lives, which vary from person to person. For example, a person who expects a lot out of his or her life may find that happiness is hard to find. They are constantly in search of these things in life, which always seem to elude (逃避) them. Those things may be money or fame or power or any of the other pursuits (追求) that humans have, but it would be likely that such people are less likely to be happy, if their goals are not met. In most cases, even after their goals are met, they don't find happiness, because they seek more— new goals, new wish lists, and it's a seemingly never- ending process for them!
On the other hand, a person who takes life as it comes along and makes the best of each day is more likely to be happy every day. They have no pressure or goals to occupy their minds and they can achieve happiness from the simple pleasures of everyday life, finding love, making time for the family and kids, seeing their kids grow, etc. Of course, that doesn't mean that you shouldn't have any expectations at all. You should keep those expectations reasonable and manageable.
The steady increase in women having babies later in life is undeniable. First-time mothers are more likely to be 35 or older than their counterparts (对应者) from two decades ago, according to the Pew Research Center. While the number of first-time moms between ages 20 and 24 falls, the number of births to women in their 30s and 40s keeps growing. In addition, recent wide-ranging studies have found significant long-term benefits in waiting to have babies. These benefits counterbalance (抵消) some worries about being an older mother and the effects it may have on children.
Longevity for women who wait
A study in the journal Menopause examined older mothers' life expectancy (寿命) and found that women who had their last child after the age of 33 are more likely to live to 95. In fact, researchers reported that these women had twice the chance of living to 95 or older than those who had their last child before their 30th birthday. The news for women having babies after 40 is equally promising.
Boosted brainpower for older mothers
It's also possible that later pregnancies (怀孕) protect against cognitive decline. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that women have better brainpower if they have their last baby after age 35. The researchers looked at the pregnancy history of a group of 830 women ages 41 to 92. Their research provides strong evidence of a positive association between later age at last pregnancy and late-life cognition.
Increased income over time
There's a measurable link between the age you have your first child and income gains and losses. Women who start their families when they are older are likely to increase their earning potential.
Educational and emotional support for children
Older parents who are less stressed about income or job security tend to be more patient and can spend more time with their children. Parents who have more secondary education can also offer more specific stimulation to their children, which can be helpful for development. An investigation of 8- to 12-year-olds explored how specific parenting beliefs and behaviors—such as reading, constructive play and emotional support—affected child development. The research published in the Journal of Family Psychology found that parent education and income positively affect child achievement.
Having babies later in life
Common phenomenon | It can't be{#blank#}1{#/blank#}that the number of women having babies later in life is steadily {#blank#}2{#/blank#}. | |
Long-term {#blank#}3{#/blank#} in waiting to have babies | Longevity for women who wait | • {#blank#}4{#/blank#}with those who had their last child before 30, women giving{#blank#}5{#/blank#}to last child after 33 or even 40 are more likely to live to 95 or older. |
Boosted brainpower for older mothers | • Later pregnancies prevent late-life cognition from {#blank#}6{#/blank#}. • Research on 830 women proves that there is a {#blank#}7{#/blank#} association between later age at last pregnancy and late-life cognition. | |
Increased income over time | Older mothers have the potential of increasing their income in the future. | |
Educational and {#blank#}8{#/blank#}support for children | • {#blank#}9{#/blank#} more patience and more time, older parents with higher income and education can also offer specific stimulation to children. • Specific parenting beliefs and behaviors have influence on child {#blank#}10{#/blank#} |
All company leaders will face major business decisions throughout their time as the heads of their organizations. Difficult decisions related to activities such as M&A, leadership changes, restructuring, and massive growth plans will directly impact the company's employees.
If you've already established trust with your workforce, you can significantly minimize potential negative impacts and make sure your employees will buy into your decisions, even if they don't necessarily agree with them. But earning their faith takes time. As a leader, you are trusted only to the degree that people believe in your ability, consistency, and commitment to deliver. The good news is that there do exist some strategies to help you earn confidence.
Instill trust through an employee engagement program
By encouraging consistent feedback and establishing an honest environment, employees will trust the direction and information you give them. Create a highly engaged culture by prioritizing real-time recognition, continuous feedback, and ongoing goal-setting.
Change and react with meaningful conversations. You've likely had to adjust your business plan in the middle of the year. Real-time, continuous communication helps you keep employees in the loop and adjust to expectations as your organization's needs change.
Giving timely feedback is the most effective way to communicate expectations. Not only that, but saving your big praise until the end of the year isn't just ineffective—it makes it more difficult to deliver.
Ongoing goal-setting can help people understand where their contributions fit within the organization and where they need to aim. Better yet, these can be transparent across the organization so everyone is held accountable for the outcomes and behaviors that drive your business and cultural success.
Gather and measure sentiment (情感) during times of change
Part of the difficulty in making tough business decisions is that leaders don't want to surprise or disappoint employees. Think about the last time you made a major company-wide announcement. Did you know if employees were happy? Were they shocked? Or even worse, did you have no insight into their reactions at all? If you regularly measure employee sentiment through real-time pulse surveys—especially during times of change—you can more accurately pinpoint reactions and cope with issues immediately. The results of these pulse surveys empower your leadership team to be more forthcoming, moving forward, earning the trust of employees and strengthening a transparent company culture.
If there is a strong link between employees and managers to the goals of the organization, the vision and values of the company will be embraced by all.
At the end of the day, the mindset shouldn't be about how you can make tough decisions easier, but how you can make those decisions in a way that won't negatively impact your employees or your organization's objectives. Create a cooperative feedback culture, and when the time comes to make difficult decisions, you know that with your team's insights in mind and trust in the leadership, the decision will be accepted willingly.
Earning employee's faith takes time | |
Passage outline | Supporting details |
Introduction | ◆ Trust from workforce can minimize negative impacts of difficult decisions and ensure employees' {#blank#}1{#/blank#} of your decisions. ◆ Only when employees think you are capable, consistent, and {#blank#}2{#/blank#} will they believe in you. |
Strategies to {#blank#}3{#/blank#} on | {#blank#}4{#/blank#} employees in some programs. ◆ Timely and continuous communication is necessary because proper {#blank#}5{#/blank#} are likely to be made to your business plan. ◆ Real-time feedback is valuable in communicating expectations and the {#blank#}6{#/blank#} in giving praise will make it harder to deliver. ◆ Ongoing goal-setting can make employees {#blank#}7{#/blank#} of where their aims are. |
Gather and measure sentiment during times of change. ◆ Regular measurement of employee sentiment can help you know how they react so that you can {#blank#}8{#/blank#} issues instantly. ◆ The vision and values of the company will be widely accepted if employees and managers are closely united in order to {#blank#}9{#/blank#} their common goal. | |
Conclusion | It is the {#blank#}10{#/blank#} impact of your decisions on the organization's objectives and the creation of a cooperative feedback culture that count. |
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