题型:阅读表达 题类:常考题 难易度:困难
北京市海淀区2018-2019学年高一上学期英语期末考试试卷
How Bad Are Energy Drinks for Children?
What Are Energy Drinks?
There is no clear definition of what makes an energy drink, but it is usually taken that anything non alcoholic with more than 150mg of caffeine per litre is an energy drink. The first of its kind was Lucozade, which was launched in 1927. It was promoted as helping the sick to get better by regaining lost energy. Now there are lots of energy drinks on the market, all claiming to help boost energy levels and aid our performance.
What's in Energy Drinks?
We've mentioned the caffeine but energy drinks also contain water and sugar. Some also contain alts and amino acids.
What Are the Health Concerns?
The concerns focus on the two main ingredients (成分) of energy drinks, caffeine and sugar. Too much caffeine for children can in the short term cause headaches and raise blood pressure although it is important to mention that caffeine may not harm children in the long term. However, the short term issues do really worry teachers as caffeine can lead to an inability to sleep, which then affects a child's ability to focus and concentrate in class. In fact the maximum recommended (推荐) intake of caffeine for children is 2.5mg for every kilogram a child weighs, so if a child drinks energy drinks, it would be very easy to go over this dose.
Too much sugar can also cause health problems including obesity, tooth decay and in the long run Type 2 diabetes. So as with caffeine, if children are drinking energy drinks and consuming sugar in foods and other drinks, then it would be easy to go over the daily sugar allowance for a child. The thing to be aware of is what is called free sugars. Free sugars are those sugars which are added to foods or drinks, not the natural sugar found in fruits and vegetables. The amount of free sugar that a child should have is 19 grams per day for those aged 4-6 and 24 grams for those aged 7-10. So again it is easy to see that if children are drinking energy drinks over and above sugar that will be present in food they eat, it would be easy to go over the recommended amount of sugar each day.
Selling Energy Drinks to Children
There are currently voluntary bans for shops not to sell energy drinks to children under 16, but there are calls to make this illegal. Some schools have already banned children from bringing these drinks into school.
Here, sleep experts clear up some of the biggest misunderstandings about sleep they see with their patients, which could weaken your ability to have a night of good sleep.
Myth: {#blank#}1{#/blank#}
The latest research shows that the right amount of sleep may vary from person to person and should leave you feeling energized the next day. I'm a sleep doctor. Take myself for example. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}.
Myth: Don't fall asleep with the TV on.
I've cured more people suffering from sleep problems than you can imagine by telling people it's OK to fall asleep with the TV on. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}Control the watching time so it doesn't affect your sleep later in the night.
Myth: You can catch up on lost sleep on the weekend.
{#blank#}4{#/blank#} A Harvard study found that even if you sleep for an extra 10 hours on the weekend to make up for only sleeping six hours a night for two weeks, those extra hours won't improve your reaction times or ability to focus. Plus, sleeping late throws off your biological clock, which can lead to obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
Myth: Alcohol can help you rest easy.
{#blank#}5{#/blank#} Alcohol may relax you so you nod off quicker, but studies show you'll wake up more and get less of deep sleep you need to feel rested.
A. You need 8 hours' sleep a night. B. A lack of sleep can cause anxiety. C. We take unscheduled naps during the weekend. D. I've been a 6.5-hour sleeper my entire adult life. E. Many people can't turn off their brains, but watching TV helps. F. People commonly use alcohol to fall asleep, but it doesn't work. G. You can't make up for too little sleep by sleeping more at weekends. |
The worst time to look for a job is when you must have a new one immediately. Job Searching under pressure often results in nervous interviewing and decision-making from rela-tively few options. If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects (前景) today:
Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. Once you have a couple of targets, think about why and what interests you. Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets.
Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All busi-nesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue(收益).Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the peck. You can follow their examples in your own workplace. If you associate with those that stand out from the rest, you are likely to find yourself with better opportunities.
Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details.
Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success is measured in other roles, departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. Challenge yourself to expand your business knowledge through interactions with people at regular time. People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can.
As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.
How to Improve Your Carter Prospects | ||
Passage outline | Supporting detials | |
problem | ♦Job searching under pressure {#blank#}1{#/blank#} negative consequences, such as nervous interviewing. | |
Ways to improve your career prospects | Identify at least two different roles | ♦The roles are supposed to have{#blank#}2{#/blank#}to do with your current skill set. ♦Pay close attention to those things that make you{#blank#}3{#/blank#} |
Subscribe to a magazine on carter | ♦The relevant knowledge in the workplace can make you{#blank#}4{#/blank#}in the business world. ♦Follow the examples in your field, making it{#blank#}5{#/blank#}for you too get better chances. | |
Do exceptional work | ♦ Try your best to perform at your best. ♦ Work early to finish new tasks with a flexible and positive attitude. ♦ Cooperate with other departments Without {#blank#}6{#/blank#}little details. | |
Be professionally curious | ♦ Talk about people's careers and learn how people{#blank#}7{#/blank#}success in other role and fields. ♦ Widen your business knowledge by interacting with people{#blank#}8{#/blank#} ♦ Develop a Habit of connecting well wherever you go. | |
Conclusion | Facing hard tasks early can help reduce your{#blank#}9{#/blank#} ♦ Changing jobs may be{#blank#}10{#/blank#} however secure you feel today. |
Should I live in the city or the suburbs?
There are three different kinds of areas you can live in: urban, suburban, and rural. You can describe living in a rural area as living out in the sticks or the county This type of living is seen as idyllic(田园生活的)for those seeking reprieve(暂时缓解)from crowds. Rural areas generally have small, self -sustaining populations.
Urban living is city living: active nightlife, full of noise, sophisticated public transit system and sometimes small and expensive city apartments. Urban areas tend to be densely(密集地)populated and have more intense traffic and pollution as a result.
For those seeking an intermediary between urban and rural living, the suburbs might be just the thing. Suburbs are large residential areas away from the core of town yet close enough to the city center.
Can you afford to live in the city?
Choosing whether to live in the city or the suburbs is often a matter of budget—where can you afford to live? By and large, living in the city is more expensive than living in the suburbs, though that's not always the case. For instance, in Las Vegas, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, and a few other cities, suburban living is not always better on your wallet.
Your lifestyle influences your happiness in the city or suburbs.
For someone who enjoys five-star restaurants, vibrant(充满活力的)nightlife, and fast-paced living, residing in an urban hub is a dream come true. On the other hand, if you find crowds and tons of noise unbearable, then a large city might feel like purgatory(炼狱).
Your lifestyle is one of the primary considerations in deciding where you ought to live. If you are into fishing, hiking, and spending time outdoors, then realize that you may have to drive several hours to enjoy your hobbies if you choose city living.
Is your career better suited for the city or suburbs?
Your career should also strongly influence your choice about whether to live in the city or in the suburbs. For example, if your job is in landscape, you might find it difficult to find work in the city because there is not a high demand for landscape artists. The fact of the matter is that most city homes don't have large yards with grass to cut, and competition for landscaping contracts is probably fierce. Similarly, a business executive(主管)may find that the suburbs do not offer the convenience afforded by city living.
The debate of whether to live in the suburbs or the city is long lasting and never-ending. When it all boils down to it, it is a matter of preference and budget, so go with your gut(决心)and you'll make the right choice.
Passage outline |
Supporting details |
{#blank#}1{#/blank#} of living in three kinds of areas |
◆Living in rural areas helps people escape from{#blank#}2{#/blank#} streets and public transportation. ◆Living in urban are can mean active nightlife but has many{#blank#}3{#/blank#} like noise, pollution and so on. ◆The suburbs might appeal to those seeking to achieve a{#blank#}4{#/blank#} between urban and rural living. |
Affordability |
Generally, city living{#blank#}5{#/blank#} more than suburban living, but in some cases, urban living is less expensive. |
Lifestyle |
◆When choosing where to live, you should take your lifestyle into{#blank#}6{#/blank#} ◆You can settle in a big city if you prefer modem life. However, if you want to {#blank#}7{#/blank#} your hobbies like fishing and hiking, you'd better avoid city living. |
Career |
◆Your profession plays a great role in helping you{#blank#}8{#/blank#} on where to live. ◆A landscape artist has difficulty finding work in the city while a business executive finds it not{#blank#}9{#/blank#} to live in the suburbs. |
Conclusion |
Anyway, you'll make the right decision if you{#blank#}10{#/blank#} your choice on your preference and budget. |
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