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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

江西省赣州市十四县(市)2019届高三上学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读理解

    One of the questions surrounding climate change is how it might affect the food supply for a growing global population. A new study suggests that researchers have been overlooking how two key human responses to climate—how much land people choose to farm, and the number of crops they plant—will affect food production in the future. The new study focused on the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso, an emerging(新兴的)global breadbasket(产粮地区)that as of 2013 supplied 10 percent of the world's soybeans. The researchers used variations in temperature and precipitation(降水)across the state over an eight-year period to estimate the sensitivity of the region's agricultural production to climate change. Those historical comparisons can help in making predictions about the sensitivity of agriculture to future climate change.

    The study found that, if the patterns from 2002 to 2008 hold in the future, an increase in average temperature in Mato Grosso of just 1 degree will lead to a 9 to 13 percent reduction in overall production of soy and corn. “This is worrisome given that the temperature in the study region is predicted to rise by 2 degrees by 2050,” said Avery Cohn, who led the study.

    Most studies of this kind look only at the extent to which climate shocks affect crop output. But researchers can miss critical dynamics(动力)that can affect overall output, says Leah VanWey, one of the study's senior authors. “If you look at output alone, you're not looking at all of the information because there are economic and social changes going on as well,” said VanWey.

    If output decreases, farmers may put less land area into production because it's not profitable. Farmers may also vary the number of crops they plant in a growing season. Double cropping is common in Mato Grosso. But if the weather is bad, farmers may change their decision to plant a second crop.

(1)、The value of the new study lies in _________.

A、increasing the number of crops people plant B、focusing on an emerging global breadbasket C、making predictions about human responses to climate change D、controlling people's choice of their farming area and crop numbers
(2)、According to Avery Cohn, by 2050, the overall production of soy and corn will _________.

A、remain almost unchanged B、decrease by more than 9% C、increase by from 9% to 13% D、decrease by more than 18%
(3)、What can we know about the similar studies mentioned in paragraph 3?

A、They can't provide exact information to farmers. B、They don't take into consideration some key factors. C、Their discouraging results largely affect overall crop output. D、They pay too much attention to economic and social changes.
(4)、What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A、Farmers' possible reactions to climate shocks. B、Possible climate change in Mato Grosso. C、The benefits of double cropping in Mato Grosso. D、Farmers' decision on planting crops in the future.
举一反三
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    On the arrival of the graduation season, a large number of students will leave their colleges and get busy finding jobs. However, it seems not all students will be in a hurry to get to work. According to a survey online in May, about 9.8 percent of the 93,420 graduates surveyed said they wouldn't begin working right after graduation. This phenomenon is called "delayed employment".

    One reason why the graduates don't start their careers immediately is that they want a job related to their personal interests, and they are unwilling to give in and take jobs they don't like. "Looking for the right career is like looking for Mr. Right. Maybe I could have found a job or two, but I don't want to just make a living or be stuck in a specific position,” said Shen Yu, who graduated in 2014 but didn't look for a job right away.

    Another reason is to avoid the fierce competition of the job market.Statistics provided by the Ministry of Education show the number of the new university graduates will reach 7.95 million this year. Meanwhile, only 26.7 percent of the new graduates have signed contracts(合同) with employers, 8.7 percent down from the previous year.

    And some Chinese college students have chosen to travel or volunteer instead of finding jobs. For example, Chen Nuan, who will graduate from the Shanghai Institute of Visual Arts this summer, has planned to tour Europe immediately after graduation. "As the old Chinese saying goes,traveling thousands of miles is better than reading thousands of books,"she told China Daily.

    However, no matter what you choose after graduation, make full use of the first few years—this is when people develop soft skills such as punctuality and teamwork. The first 10 years are essential, which shapes careers in the long term.

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    83-year-old Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life fighting against the trend. As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plantations(种植园) and cattle grounds, he struggled to bring the jungles of his childhood back to life.

    "When I was a child, the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal, and the water dried up and did not come back," he told the reporters, "I thought: 'Water is valuable, no one makes water and the population will not stop growing. What is going to happen? We are going to run out of water.'"

    With only some donkeys and a small team of hired workers, Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land. What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life, and Antonio recalls often spending whole days and nights in his young jungle, surrounded by rats and foxes, and eating banana sandwiches for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Over the last 40 years, he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land, which now make up a small but unique area of rainforest, and a haven for wildlife.

    As the forest grew, the water returned, and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water, sources on his land that were no longer there when he bought it. Then the animals started making a home there. Today, the forest is alive with the sounds of birds and insects living there, and more species are settling in every year.

    "There are toucans(巨嘴鸟), all kinds of birds, squirrels, lizards, and even the boars are returning," 83-year-old Vicente says, "If you ask me who my family are, I would say all this right here, each one of these that I planted from a seed."

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    In the future those who are taking care of old people may get help from the house itself.

    Over the last few years, new technology, such as the Internet, Wi-Fi and flat TV screens, has changed our homes and the way that we live. Now, another technology revolution is happening. A new project at the University of Hertfordshire wants to create a home that monitors people living in it who are elderly.

    The researchers have developed a wristband device(装置)which helps us to watch the elderly person who is wearing it. The device collects information to see if the person has fallen or has wandered away from where he or she should be.

    The assisted-living project is part of the university's wider Interhome project, which is the development of a smart house. The house remembers the habits of the person who lives there and it uses very low amounts of energy. The Interhome team hope that offering this service will help take care of the elderly. They say, "It's very important that these technologies are there to help and support and not replace any of the existing services."

    The Interhome is not just a research method. It's also a way for students from different scientific backgrounds to learn and develop technology. The university uses the latest technology to help students get experience by developing new hardware and software themselves. The team includes design, engineering and computer science students working together.

    "We are working on a smart-home project in Watford with some companies at the moment," says the project leader. "We are looking at how a smart home can provide even more services." This could help millions of old people around the world have a better and safer life in the future.

阅读理解

Your 2018 Reading List, Provided by Bill Gates

    Most of us can't live like billionaire Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, but we can read like him. Gates recommended four books in 2018—though some were published earlier.

    Leonardo da Vinci, by Walter Isaacson (2017)

    The bestselling biographer of Steve Jobs and Albert Einstein researched deeply into da Vinci's contributions beyond art, highlighting the breadth of his scientific, technological, and creative output. “Leonardo nearly understood almost all of what was known on the planet at the time. That's mostly because of his curiosity about every area of natural science and the human experience,” said Gates.

    The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir, by Thi Bui (2017)

    Gates calls this graphic novel “really impressive”. Bui is the daughter of Vietnamese refugees who came to America after the fall of Saigon, and becoming a parent inspired her to look into her own parents' miserable history. “I was struck by how the experiences Bui illustrates manage to be both universal and specific to their circumstances,” said Gates.

    Lincoln in the Bardo, by George Saunders (2018)

    Saunders, a long-time short story writer, won high praise for this novel. The book imagines the ghosts that haunt (萦绕) the basement of Willie Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln's son, who died at 11 in real life. “Willie's death after the Civil War made the president have a new understanding of the grief he's creating in other families by sending their sons off to die in battle,” said Gates.

Origin Story: A Big History of Everything, by David Christian (2018)

    This new book is by the creator of Big History, a free, online social studies course. It traces history in wide, sweeping movements, starting with the Big Bang, and it provides, in effect, a short course in modern science. This is a brief history of the universe. “David gets a little stuck on the current economic and political problems in the West, and I wish he talked more about the role innovation will play in preventing the worst effects of climate change,” said Gates.

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    What will restaurants look like in the future?What would your dinner taste like if a robot cooked it?A robot restaurant in Tianjin may give you the answers.

    Covering an area of over 400 square meters with a total of 112 seats, the X Future Restaurant is a robot restaurant opened in November 2018. The restaurant has amazed customers with its fully-automated(全自动的)technology, which covers every step of the dining experience, from ordering to cooking to serving the dishes and even taking payment.

    Entering the restaurant, one can order dishes by simply scanning(扫描)the QR codes on the table. There are over 40 choices of dishes. After taking the order, "robot cooks"prepare dishes using fixed time, temperature and ingredients designed by famous Chinese cooks.

    "As the cooking is controlled by a computer system, the taste and quality of dishes can be good, "said Li Xiaokui, manager of the X Future Restaurant.

    Robots also complete the delivery of dishes. Without following any designed route, the robot waiters serve meals thanks to automated driving technology, which helps each robot timely change its route when something is in the way.

These eye-catching technologies have received wide praise from customers. "The dishes taste surprisingly good. I couldn't believe that they were made by robots, especially dishes that were difficult to cook" one customer said. "The application of robots has increased our efficiency(效率)and cut down our costs, "Li said, "I think robot restaurants will develop fast and have a bright future. "

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