Deserts are found where there is little rainfall or where rain for a whole year falls in only a few weeks' time. Ten inches of rain may be enough for many plants to survive if the rain is spread throughout the year. If it falls within one or two months and the rest of the year is dry, those plants may die and a desert may form.

    Sand begins as tiny pieces of rock that get smaller and smaller as wind and weather wear them down. Sand dunes (沙丘) are formed as winds move the sand across the desert. Bit by bit, the dunes grow over the years, always moving with the winds and changing the shape. Most of them are only a few feet tall, but they can grow to be several hundred feet high.

There is, however, much more to a desert than sand. In the deserts of the southwestern United States, cliffs (悬崖) and deep valleys were formed from thick mud that once lay under a sea more than millions of years ago. Over the centuries, the water dried up. Wind, sand, rain, heat and cold all wore away at the remaining rocks. The faces of the desert mountains are always changing –-very, very slowly —as these forces of nature continue to work on the rock.

    Most deserts have a surprising variety of life. There are plants, animals and insects that have adapted to life in the desert. During the heat of the day a visitor may see very few signs of living things, but as the air begins to cool in the evening, the desert comes to life. As the sun begins to rise again in the sky, the desert once again becomes quiet and lonely.

    Basic first aid is a very valuable skill to have when going on a camping trip.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Cuts. With small cuts, you want to be careful to keep the area of the wound clean to avoid possible infection.{#blank#}2{#/blank#} If the cut has not stopped bleeding, raise the wounded area above the heart and place pressure on the area to stop the bleeding.{#blank#}3{#/blank#} The bandage should be held in place with tape, but should not be too tight.

    Blisters. Blisters can turn a fun walk in the woods into a terrible experience.{#blank#}4{#/blank#}Change your bandage and socks and keep the blistered area clean. Make sure that you pack different size bandages and first aid cream.

    Sprains. If you've got a heavy pack on your shoulders, it can be very easy to twist your ankles. Walking sticks can be a traveler's friend.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}A good ACE bandage should be packed in case of a sprained ankle. This can help fix the sprained area until you can get medical attention.

    After seeing the above dangers and treatments, it's also helpful to pack a small basic first aid kit for your trip. Make sure that you include items that are unique to you and fit your environment (bleeding, bruise, snake bite, etc.).

A. Cover the wound with a dry, clean bandage.

B. Wear comfortable shoes and socks during the trips.

C. They can help you keep balance on rough areas.

D. Treat the cut with first aid cream to prevent infection.

E. Below is a brief list of less-severe injuries that you can prepare for.

F. Blisters are an open wound and can get infected if not cared for.

G. Some climates can be very hot during the day and very cool at night.

    If you are hungry, what do you do? Have your favorite-meal and stay quiet after that?

    {#blank#}1{#/blank#}. But it never lets you know, because, you keep it busy thinking about your friends or favorite stars. So it silently serves your needs and never let itself grow. When mind loses its freedom to grow, creativity sets a full stop. This might be the reason why we all sometimes think "What happens next?", "Why can't I think?"

    {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Why reading but not watching TV? It is because reading has been the most educative tool used by us right from childhood．Since it develops other aspects of our life, we have to take help from reading．

    Once you read a book, you run your eyes through the lines and your mind tries to explain something to you{#blank#}3{#/blank#}．Now this seed is unknowingly used by you to develop new ideas．If it is used many times, the same seed can give you great help to relate a lot of things, which you would have never thought of in your wildest dreams!

    This is nothing but creativity．{#blank#}4{#/blank#}Within no time you can start talking with your friends in English or any other language and never run out of the right words．

    So guys, do give food for your thoughts by reading, reading and more reading.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}．Go and get a book!

A．Now what are you waiting for?

B．Reading can help you make more friends, too．

C．Just like your stomach, your mind is also hungry．

D．Why not do some reading while you are hungry?

E．Also this makes a significant contribution to your vocabulary．

F．The interesting part of the book is stored in your mind as a seed．

G．Hunger of the mind can be actually solved through wide reading．

    According to the Guinness World Records, a Sitka Spruce (锡特卡云杉) growing on New Zealand's southernmost island is the loneliest tree on Earth. Not only is it the only tree on Campbell Island, but the nearest other tree can be found over 200 km away on the Auckland Islands.

    Bluff, Campbell Island is one of the harshest places in the world. With strong winds blowing almost all year round and less than 600 hours of sunshine, it's not exactly a good place to live in, which is probably why, except for occasional visits by research scientists, it, has remained deserted for over half a century.

    It is believed that the Sitka Spruce on Campbell Island was planted by Lord Ranfurly, a former governor of New Zealand, sometime between 1901 and 1907. It's not clear why he decided to plant there, but according to some sources he said that the island was not productive, and took the first step to cover it with forestry. His idea was never going to work because of the harsh climate of the area, but somehow the Sitka Spruce survived.

    Apart from its reputation as the loneliest tree on Earth, the Sitka Spruce of Campbell Island has a series of other particularities. First of all its shape makes it look more like a giant cauliflower than a tree. This is believed to have been caused by repeatedly cutting down its trunk every year, for decades. Another interesting thing about the world's loneliest tree is that, though it is over 100 years old, it has never produced cones (球果).

    Who knew a lonely tree growing 200 km away from its nearest cousins could be so interesting?

    Before you make friends, you have to decide who you want to be your friends.

    Most people like to have friends who like to do the same kind of things they do.

    The quickest way to make a friend is to smile. When you smile, people think you are friendly and easy to talk to. It may not be easy at first to smile, but remember most people will stay away from a scaled or angry looking.

    One easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say something nice about him. Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you. Doesn't it make you want to keep talking to that person?

    Ask your new friends questions about themselves. Who's their favourite singer, where do they live, what do they do after school are all good questions to start a conversation. Make sure you have something to add to the conversation, too. Then someone asks you a question, do have an answer for it. There is nothing that will stop a conversation quicker than a shrug for an answer.

    Kids who show an interest in other kids and who are kind and friendly make good friends. Remember, everyone wants to be around people who like to do similar things and people who are nice to them.

On a daily basis, the digital expanse witnesses an exchange of over two billion pictorial representations. Although imagery offers an entertaining and articulate avenue for online interaction, the process of digesting and generating such content presents formidable obstacles for individuals who are devoid of sight or are enduring profound visual impairments. Given the reality that there are more than 39 million individuals who are sightless, and an excess of 246 million who are grappling with severe visual limitations, a significant cohort may perceive themselves as alienated from the discourse that revolves around photographic content on the Internet. Scholars hailing from Harvard University are endeavoring to construct technological solutions that would enable the visually impaired populace to partake in the appreciation of photographic imagery with the same zest as their sighted counterparts.

The advent of automated descriptive text represents a groundbreaking innovation that engenders a narrative depiction of a photograph by leveraging the latest advancements in the field of object recognition technology. Individuals who rely on auditory output devices on their digital gadgets will now be presented with an enumeration of elements that a photograph might encapsulate as they navigate through online images. Previously, those utilizing auditory output devices were limited to hearing solely the nomenclature of the individual who disseminated the photograph, succeeded by the designation "photo" upon encountering a pictorial piece. However, the introduction of automated descriptive text now allows for a more elaborate portrayal of the contents of a photograph. For example, an individual might now perceive an auditory description such as "a visual scene comprising three individuals, exhibiting expressions of joy, in an outdoor setting."

This capability is made possible through the object recognition technology developed by Harvard University, which is predicated on a computational framework that encompasses billions of variables and has been refined through exposure to millions of exemplars. Each stride in object recognition technology signifies the potential for researchers to render technological interfaces increasingly inclusive and accessible to a broader demographic. When individuals are interlinked, they are positioned to accomplish remarkable feats, both in isolation and as a collective entity, and such interconnection benefits all participants within the network.

The rollout of the automated descriptive text is initially targeting auditory output devices on mobile communication devices configured to English, with plans to extend this functionality to additional linguistic variants and technological platforms in the near term. Although this technology is still in its infancy, harnessing its current competencies to articulate the essence of photographs marks a pivotal advancement in the quest to furnish our community with visual impediments with the identical advantages and gratifications that the broader population derives from photographic imagery.