First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature，a clear airway(气道), and breathing. In minor emergencies，first aid may prevent a victim's condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be   administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the Critically injured, a few minutes can make a difference between complete recovery and loss of life.

    First­aid measures depend upon a victim's needs and the provider's level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example，can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and  paralysis (瘫痪)．

    Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious（有意识的）, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested，and asked for permission to provide any first aid.  Next，assess the scene, asking other people or the injured  person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness，any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet (手镯) or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury，do not move the victim.

    First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life­threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim's condition is known by the acronym(首字母缩写词)ABC，which stands for：

    A—Airway: Is it open and clear?

    B—Breathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.

    C—Circulation: Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.

    Many people like to explore the Internet. Exploring the Internet is one of the most important activities of the day. The Internet brings the outside world closer to people's homes. Some people say the world is smaller than before because of the Internet.

    What's going on in other countries? How do people live in places far away? Is there a good sports game somewhere？What's life like in the deepest part of the sea? If you want to answer all these questions, just come to the Internet. Of course, people can also learn through reading or listening to the radio. But with the Internet they can learn better and more easily. A lot of information can be collected at a great speed.

    Can we go shopping without leaving home? Can we see a doctor without going to the hospital? Can we study without going to school？ All these things seemed to be impossible, but now they have become true.  

    The Internet helps us to open our eyes. The Internet also helps to open our minds. The Internet often gives us new ideas. In a word, it helps us in many ways. Great changes have taken place in our life since the use of the Internet.

    Lima, the capital of Peru (秘鲁), has countless museums that tourists can't afford to miss. Now start packing up and prepare for your perfect Peruvian history exploration at these wonderful museums.

    ◆Larco Museum

    Stepping inside, visitors get to learn the 5,000-year history of Peru through an unbelievable collection of objects. The best thing about the museum is that it keeps the door to the storeroom open to visitors so that they can admire its collection closely.

    ◆Gold Museum of Peru

    If you like shiny objects or precious metals, then plan a trip to the Gold Museum of Peru. In ancient times, the Peruvian people were celebrated for their skills in metals. And the museum is aimed at preserving this heritage.

    ◆Lima Art Museum

    Art experts are much pleased as the city is also home to the Lima Art Museum. Its permanent exhibit of over 1, 200 pieces is merely a small part of its amazing collection of more than 17, 000 artifacts. The highlight of the museum is its collection of Carlos Baca-Flor's masterpieces, which is considered to be the most complete set in the world.

    ◆Museum of Italian Art

    The only museum dedicated to European art in Peru, the Museum of Italian Art is a storehouse of classical and contemporary paintings and sculptures belonging to the 20th century. The property is easily accessible by a short walk from the Lima Art Museum.

    ◆Museum of Natural History

    Last but certainly not least is the Museum of Natural History. Giving a glimpse into the rich biodiversity in Peru, the museum has on display the skeletons of a sperm whale and fossils of several mammals.

    The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named "DriveLAB" in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.

    Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated (隔绝) and inactive.

    Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.

    These include custom-made navigation (导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: "For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.

    "But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to."

    Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains:" The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.

    "For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We're looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.

    "We hope that our work will help with technological solutions (解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel."

Going out guide

    R&B: Melanie Fiona

    Known for such songs as "It Kills Me" and "This Time," R&B singer Melanie Fiona made her first musical album(唱片) in 2009 with "The Bridge" and followed it up with "The MF Life" in 2012. A new album, "Next Train," is planned to drop this year.

    8 pm, Feb. 13. Howard Theatre. 202-803-2899. $ 30—$ 59. 99.

    Ballet: John Cranko's "Romeo & Juliet"

    Celebrated South African choreographer (编舞者) John Cranko created the dance inspired by Shakespeare's lovers with a score by Sergei Prokofiev. The production was first performed in the United States in 1969 and returns to the Kennedy Center under the artistic direction of Julie Kent.

    Feb. 14 — 18. Kennedy Genter. 202-467-4600. $ 25— $ 160.

Exhibit(展览): "Brand New: Art and Commodity (商品) in the 1980s"

    This exhibit shows the commodification of art in the 1980s, when trade, art and entertainment became unclear. The exhibit shows works by 68 artists, including Jeff Koons, Barbara Kruger and Julia Wachtel.

    Feb. 14 through May 13. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. 202-633-1000. Free

    R&B: Valentine's Love Jam

    R&E artists are known for some of our most beloved(喜爱的) love songs, and the performers lined up for this show are no exception. Singer-songwriters Tyrese ("Sweet Lady") and Joe ("I Wanna Know") join forces with SWV ("Weak") ,Dru Hill ("Beauty") and Next ("Wifey") for this show.

    8 p. m., Feb. 17. EagleBank Arena. 703-493-4000. $ 59—$ 99.

Animals are humans' best friends. Here we will know about some of those interesting friends.
       Gouldian Finch

Native to Australia, the Gouldian finch has special green, yellow, red and black markings. For the males (雄性), the part between the neck and the stomach is bright purple, while for females, this part is pale purple. We all Have to agree that nature has created some really great animals with the smallest of details.

Keel-Billed Toucan

It is the very same crazy bird from the movie Rio, also known to be the "rainbow billed toucan". The bird has a black body and a yellow face. The color of its bill (喙) is a combination of green, yellow, orange and red, and that's how the name rainbow billed toucan came from. It is rarely seen alone. It travels in small groups of about six to twelve individuals.

The Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher

It is a great tiny bird commonly found in South Asia. This bird is the most brightly colored and the smallest kingfisher species. Its special feature is the orange with bluish-purple head, which can be easily recognized. The throat is white with bright orange colored lines at the bottom. It is a pretty and small bird.

Poison (毒) Dart Frog

It is a kind of very beautiful creature. The bright colors of the poison dart frog send a warning to its natural enemies about its poison. Found in South America, with some of the brightest shades of yellow, copper, red, green and blue, this frog is among those very animals that you have to watch out in the Amazon Rainforest.