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  • 题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

    任务型阅读

        These days when someone says a computer has a bug (小虫子) in it, usually they mean that there's a problem with one of its programs. Maybe your computer crashed when you were in the middle of a game.1

        But back in the early days of computers, a woman named Grace Hopper was part of a team that discovered the very first computer bug.

        2 She had been invited to help program a new computer, the job of which was to quickly deal with the math problems ships used to find their way.3 Then it translated the patterns of holes into the math problems it was supposed to solve.

        One afternoon in 1947 Hopper and her team were running a program. But the computer wasn't giving them the right results.4 They finally ended up taking the computer apart, looking for problems. What did they find? It was a moth (飞蛾)! The moth was blocking some of the holes in the paper—5 Some people think Hopper was the first person to use the word “debug” to mean “get rid of the problems in a computer”.

    A. What could be wrong?

    B. Hopper was a mathematician.

    C. Who had operated the computer?

    D. Hopper was a hardworking scientist.

    E. She thought it was funny that it was a real one.

    F. Or you got an error message when you tried to go to a website.

    G. The computer worked by reading instructions from a long piece of paper with holes in it.

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    根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    What Is Emotional Eating?

        Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of satisfying hunger. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Have you ever finished a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downed cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test? But when done a lot — especially without realizing it — emotional eating can affect weight, health, and overall well-being.

        Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings.

        {#blank#}2{#/blank#} One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it's caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they're stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine's Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}

        Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} It's not easy to “unlearn” patterns of emotional eating. But it is possible. And it starts with an awareness of what's going on.

        We're all emotional eaters to a degree. But for some people emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain or other problems. The trouble with emotional eating is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it remain. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} That's why it helps to know the difference between physical hunger and emotional hunger.

        Next time you reach for a snack, wait and think about which type of hunger is driving it.

    A. Believe it or not, we've all been there.

    B. If a crying boy gets some cookies, he may link cookies with comfort.

    C. One study found that people who eat food like pizza become happy afterwards.

    D. And you often may feel worse about eating the amount or type of food you like.

    E. Understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change it.

    F. Boys seem to prefer hot, homemade comfort meals, while girls go for chocolate and ice cream.

    G. More often, though, it's the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort in food.

    任务型阅读

        Every person wants to achieve the goals set at the beginning of a new school year. The following are some ways to help you achieve your goals.

        {#blank#}1{#/blank#}When it comes to choosing your goal, ensure that it states precisely what it is that you want to achieve. Don't generalize. Your goal should involve both what you want to achieve and the effort that you will put in to achieve it. 

        {#blank#}2{#/blank#}Having a copy of your goal makes it real. You can write you goal in a journal you'll be keeping all year, or you can write it on a poster and stick it on your desk so that you can look at it each day. Every time you remind yourself of your goal, you're training your brain to accept the effort needed to make the goal happen.

        Try various methods. One may not work while another may be just right for you. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}Some people learn best through writing, some through listening and reading, and some through talking it through. Once you realize which way works for you, you can work better and achieve your goal easily.

        Think positive. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}Negative thoughts are unhelpful and they became roadblocks. Stop telling yourself you can't and start telling yourself you can, and talk about you are doing rather than hoping you can do something. Always believe that you're capable, even if you have difficulty along the way.

        Reward yourself along the way. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}Occasionally, when you've achieved certain “milestones” in your goal plan, take a break and reward yourself. Watch a movie, visit a friend who lives across town, go to the ice cream shop with your friends or buy yourself something new.

    A. Write down your goal.

    B. Choose specific and realistic goals

    C. Be aware of the way you learn best

    D. Remember that everyone makes mistakes

    E. Set aside some time each week for exercise

    F. All study and no reward can break your spirit

    G. If you're not in the right state of mind, you won't be able to succeed.

    根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    How to Protect Yourself from Hackers Online

        An increase in cyber-attacks (网络攻击) makes the Internet seem like a scary place these days. How can individuals protect or make it more difficult for hackers to access their information? Here are several tips that can help you protect against cyber-attacks:

        {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

        Hard passwords include upper and lower case letters, numbers and special characters. They should be at least eight characters in length. They should also not spell out words easy for hackers to find, like your pet's name or the name of a family member.

        Change your password regularly

        A very common mistake made by users is to create one hard password, but then never change it. Remembering a long list of complicated passwords can be difficult. But no password is unbreakable. Hackers are better able to hack multiple accounts if those accounts all have the same password. A password management service, like Dashlane or PasswordBox, can help you keep track of hard passwords. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

        Clear your browser (浏览器) history

        This goes for all the devices you use in a day – your home computer, your work computer, or your friend's iPad. Internet browsers like Firefox or Chrome keep track of where you've been and what you've done online. They keep records of every site you visited. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} It is very easy for anyone who sees that information to steal a detailed record of your online activities.

        Do not use free Wi-Fi

        {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Often, a user does not need a password to connect to these wireless networks. These services might be useful, but they're also an easy way for hackers to access everything on your device.

        Use anti-virus protection

        There are many anti-virus services available for users. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Some anti-virus services are even free. They are a great way to have a professional help keeping users one step ahead of hackers.

    A. Be careful while using thumb drive.

    B. These services permit users to easily store and secure their passwords.

    C. Make your password harder to hack.

    D. They can offer many different types of computer protection.

    E. An increasing number of public places now offer free wireless access to the Internet.

    F. Information about what you sent from or saved on your computer can be kept for days or weeks.

    G. Unless you really need it, it is best not to use it.

    任务型阅读

        How do actors and actresses memorize hundreds of lines? Memorizing lines takes practice and constant repetition. However, there are a few ways to make the memorization process run smoothly and quickly.

        {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

        For most performers, there is no quicker way of memorizing lines. To learn lines, an actor must recite the play loud over and over again. Most rehearsals (彩排) encourage this by running through the lines or having a “read through”. By the time opening night arrives, most actors have spoken their lines hundreds of times.

        Listen to your cast members.

        Sometimes inexperienced actors spend rehearsals just looking at fellow performers, waiting patiently to say their next line. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} This will help the actor learn his lines better because the context of the dialogue is absorbed.

        {#blank#}3{#/blank#}

        Because there is often not enough rehearsal time, many performers find ways to listen to the play's dialogue during everyday activities. They use a tape recorder or an MP4 player to listen to the lines from each relevant scene (剧情). Some actors prefer to record the lines of all the characters, including their own. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}Others like recording the lines of fellow cast members (参演人员), and they leave a blank space so that they can insert their dialogue while listening to the recording.

        Think positively and don't panic.

        Most actors will experience stage fright before the opening night. Actors forget lines now and then. When it happens, however, most of the time the audience never notice. If you forget a line in the middle of your performance, don't freeze. Stay in character. Keep the scene going to the best of your ability. If unfortunately you forget a line once, you will probably never forget that line ever again. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

    A. Record your lines.

    B. Practice makes perfect.

    C. Read lines loud and repeat them.

    D. Read lines loud and remember them in a flash.

    E. Sometimes embarrassment is the toughest method of memorization.

    F. Then, they not only listen carefully, but they also speak all of the lines.

    G. Instead, they should be listening carefully, responding in character at all times.

    根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多余选项。

        Different weather makes people feel different. It influences (影响) health, intelligence (智力) and feelings.
        In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.

        The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a 1983 report by scientists, IQ (智商) of a group students were very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% lower. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}Very hot weather, on the other hand (另一方面), can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August).

        Weather also has a strong influence on people's feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel unhappy during cold weather. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} They even don't like to outdoor activities.

        Low air pressure (气压) may make people forgetful. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} There is a "good weather" for work and health. People feel best at a temperature of about 18 centigrade (摄氏度).

        Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

    A.It may be the weather's problem.

    B.Warm weather can have a bad effect on health.

    C.The wind can help people have higher intelligence.

    D.But fat people may have a hard time in hot weather.

    E.People may have higher intelligence when low air pressure comes.

    F.People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days.

    G.People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month.

    根据短文内容,从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

        It's reported that half of around 7,000 languages on the earth are in danger of disappearing by 2100.There are many reasons for such disappearance. Sometimes younger generations stop learning a language because parents want children to fit in modern society. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} For instance, native American children of the late-19th century were required to attend boarding schools where educators forbade them from speaking their native languages.

        Endangered languages are ranked according to their risk level by the United Nations. A "critically endangered" language is one that even grandparents don't speak often. New York's Onondaga language is an example with only 50 speakers left. An "extinct" language has no speakers, which means it is gone forever. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} The last person who spoke it died in 2008. So this language doesn't exist any longer.

        Various animals and plants benefit our environment. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Saving these languages benefits our understanding of other cultures. Languages can show how a society looks at the world and what it values. The Endangered Language Alliance, a non-profit group, wants to save languages from disappearing. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} However, its efforts are limited. If an endangered language is going to make a real comeback, it'll probably get its start in schools. Now students in Hawaii can keep learning Hawaiian from elementary schools to college and beyond.

        {#blank#}5{#/blank#} At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer Ben-Yehuda brought the 3,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the official languages of the country of Israel, with more than 4 million speakers.

    A. Alaska's Eyak language is one example.

    B. Why should we save endangered languages?

    C. With just five speakers left, it is absolutely endangered.

    D. Can a language with zero native speakers come back to life?

    E. Similarly, different languages contribute to cultural diversity.

    F. Sometimes societies force minorities to give up their language.

    G. The organization finds native speakers and records their stories.

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