阅读理解 There is a popular belief that goldfish only have a three-second memory. But a 15-year-old schoolboy fro...

题型：阅读选择题类：模拟题难易度：普通

江苏省苏州市2018年英语中考模拟试卷（五）

阅读理解

There is a popular belief that goldfish only have a three-second memory. But a 15-year-old schoolboy from Adelaide has just finished an experiment to tell us that it is not true. He shows everybody that the goldfish is smarter than we think.

"I don't believe that they had a three-second memory because animals need their memory, so they build up over time a knowledge of where the food is," said Rory Stokes, a student at the Australian Science and Mathematics School.

He did the experiment in a small tank(鱼缸)of goldfish. "I decided to get a bit of red Logo and just feed them next to that. Every day I'd put it in and spread food around it." He said.

"At first they were a bit scared of it, but by the end of the three weeks, they were actually almost coming before I put the food in."

After leaving the fish alone for a week, Rory placed the red Logo block in the tank again.

"They remembered perfectly well," he said.

"They actually had a time faster than the average(平均)of the three feeds before I left."

The goldfish showed that they not only could store information, but also had the ability to get it back at a later date.

Culum Brown, a researcher at Sydney′s Macquarie University, has studied fish behavior for more than ten years.

He says his studies of Australian native fish show fish are smart animals that know how to avoid enemies and catch food like any other animal.

"The thing that I really liked about Rory′s experiment is that he not only got that classical conditioning going but the fact that he could get thorn next just to that specific coloured marker. I thought it was really good." He said.

（1）、Rory put a red Logo in the tank to .

A、connect food with the colour B、make the tank nicer to look at C、feed the fish at the same place D、give the fish something to play with

（2）、What's the right order of Rory's experiment?

a. find a tank of goldfish b. feed the fish next to the Logo

c. leave the goldfish alone for a week d. take out the Logo

e. put a red Logo into the tank f. put the Logo back into the tank

A、adbecf B、aebdcf C、dabefc D、adebcf

（3）、What do the last three paragraphs tell us?

A、Fish are the cleverest animal in Australia. B、Rory's experiment failed to meet the scientific standard. C、Many scientists had already done the experiment before. D、Rory's research was highly praised by experienced experts(专家).

（4）、What can we learn from the story?

A、Fish can become smarter with the help of red colour. B、Scientists should learn from middle school students. C、What everybody believes is not neceaarily true. D、Young people are generally smarter than old ones.

举一反三

    Have successful people ever felt sad? Do they have any “secrets” to success? The answers to these questions can be found in US president Barack Obama's “back to school” speech. Here is an excerpt(摘录) from his speech.
    I know that sometimes, you get the sense that you can be rich and successful without any hard work—that your ticket to success is through rapping (饶舌音乐) or basketball or being a TV star, when chances are, you're not going to be any of those things.
    But the truth is, being successful is hard. You won't love every subject you study. Not all the homework will seem completely important to your life right this minute. And you may not succeed at everything the first time you try.
    That's OK. Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who've had the most failures. JK Rowling's first Harry Potter book was turned down 12 times before it finally came out. Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team, and he lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots (投篮) during his career. But he once said, “I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed.”
    These people succeeded because they understand that you can't let your failures beat you—you have to let them teach you. You have to let them show you what to do differently next time.
    No one's born being good at things. You become good at things through hard work.
    Don't be afraid to ask questions. Don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it. I do that every day. Asking for help isn't a sign of weakness; it's a sign of strength. It shows you have the courage to admit(承认) when you don't know something, and to learn something new.
    And even when you're struggling, even when you're discouraged (泄气), and you feel like other people have given up on you—don't ever give up on yourself. Because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country.

Taking away a city's rubbish is a big job. Every day trucks come into a city to collect it. Most rubbish is made up of things we can't eat or use. If we kept these things we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.
In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside of the city to a dump(垃圾站). Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs(澡盆) and other places.
To keep mice and flies away, some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish. Later, grass may be planted on the rubbish-filled land. Finally, a house or a school may be built there, and then you'd never know that this had once been an old rubbish dump.
In other cities the rubbish is burnt in special places. The fire burns everything but the metal. Sometimes the metal can be used again in factories where things are made of metal. The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles where they slowly change into something called humus(腐殖土), which looks like black earth. It is rich with kinds of things that feed plants and help make them grow.

阅读理解。

Hundreds of years ago, life was harder than it is today. People didn't have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either.

Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution to all living things in the world.

Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt (被状物) over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog.

Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away, and they mustn't let dirty smoke go into the air.

We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and do not throw them on the ground. We can go to work by bus with our friends in the same car. If there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution.

Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight pollution.

阅读理解

Twenty years ago in Costa Rica, three girls found a baby sloth（树懒）on a road. The little animal's mother was killed by a car. These girls took the baby sloth to Judy, the owner of a hotel. Judy wanted to help, but she didn't know how to look after the sloth, so she called the zoo. With the help of the zoo, Judy took good care of the baby sloth. She named the baby sloth Buttercup.

After her success, more people brought Judy wounded sloths or baby sloths they found. Judy then opened a rescue centre（救助中心）. Today, the rescue centre has saved more than 500 sloths. Sloths live in the forests of Central America and South America. They hang on to the trees with their claws（爪子）. There are two main types of sloths. You can tell them apart by the number of their claws. Sloths hardly move. They spend most of their time sleeping in the trees.

But now, with the increase of population, human beings（人类）cause a lot of problems for these slow and quiet animals. The main problems is that the forests are becoming smaller and smaller. When trees are cut down, sloths will fall and break themselves. Sloths who live near human beings sometimes are hit by cars or attacked by dogs.

At the centre, workers care for the injured animals. Their goal is to help the sloths return to the wild when are healthy enough.

阅读理解

Like you, plants need good things like food, water, and minerals in order to grow. Usually they get these important nutrients(营养) from the rich soil(土壤) in which they're planted. But there's another way to grow plants that doesn't use soil. It's called hydrogenic gardening.

"Hydrogenic" means "working with water." In a hydrogenic garden, plants grow with their roots in water, not in dirt. The water is filled with special food for the plants that gardeners have carefully measured and prepared.

Hydrogenic plants grow quickly. In ordinary gardens, plants need time and energy to grow long roots that search the soil for food and water. In a hydrogenic garden, plants can use their energy to grow tall instead. And because there is no soil, there are no weeds and few insect pests(害虫). Gardeners don't need to spray(喷洒) plants with dangerous chemicals. Both the plants and the environment stay healthy.

Scientists hope that, one day, hydrogenic gardens may be able to help hungry people all over the world grow enough food-even in countries that have bad soil, or weather that is too hot, too cold, or too dry. And astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens with them to the spaceship they fly to Mars, so that they will always have fresh vegetables, and the fun of growing a garden without dirt.

阅读理解

Do you like pandas? Now you can watch them eat and play at iPanda. com 24 hours a day.

The panda is a symbol of China. There are only about 1, 600 pandas in the wild(野外). You can also see them in the zoos of many countries like the US and the UK.

Pandas have big black eyes and fat bodies(身体). When they eat, they sit on the ground and hold the food with two hands, just like children. They look very cute and funny.

Pandas usually live for 30 years. Now many pandas in the wild have no food to eat. They are in danger and they need our help.

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