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The month of March was a milestone for supporters of
renewable energy in the U.S. For the first time, wind and solar power accounted
for more than 10% of the country's electricity—up from less than 1% at the turn
of the century. And total wind and solar power-plant capacity(发电量) is expected to grow more than 30%
over the course of this year and next, according to the Energy Information
Administration.
Such forecasts have led many scientists and policymakers to
think that moving a large part of the nation's power supply to renewable
sources—as cities from Miami Beach to Salt Lake City have promised to do—may
not be as far-fetched as once thought. But like any debate, there are
dissenters, including those inside the federal government. Their argument is
that the nation demands an uninterrupted supply of electricity and cannot count
on sun, wind and natural gas to provide it. “You need solid hydrocarbons(固体碳氢化合物) on-site for rising peak demand,”
Environmental Protection Agency administrator Scott Pruitt said on Fox Business
in May, referring to the importance of coal as a power source.
Many experts say the government's concern fails to account
for how the power grid(电网)
has improved in recent decades. Utility companies(公共事业公司) have developed innovative ways to
move electricity from place to place to account for variation in weather.
Battery technology can store power for use when renewable sources cannot
operate, meaning solar power can be used on days when the sun doesn't shine.
And the nation's vast supply of natural gas can be turned into usable energy
with the flick of a switch.
“I don't think 5 or 10 years ago I'd be comfortable telling
you we could not sacrifice reliability when we're going to have 35% of our
energy come from wind,” said Ben Fowke, CEO of the utility company Xcel Energy,
at a recent conference. “I'm telling you, I'm very comfortable with that
today.”
Indeed, many parts of the country are already close to that
reality. In some regions, like Iowa and Kansas, renewable energy supplies more
than 25% of the electricity. The market has shifted so far in favor of natural
gas and renewable energy that even the most concerted federal effort is
unlikely to stop its growth. Any attempt to slow the growth of wind and solar
will face strong pushback. “If anyone wants to do away with it,” Republican
Senator Chuck Grassley told Yahoo News of the federal government's potential
cuts to wind energy, “he'll do it over my dead body.”
But the federal government could slow the acceleration—and
with billions of dollars in private and public investments at risk, the pace of
change matters. Decisions made today will shape the future of the nation's
energy grid for decades to come.