题型:任务型阅读 题类:模拟题 难易度:困难
江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届高三教学情况调研(一)英语试卷
Pleasure and Enjoyment
When considering the kind of experience that makes life better, most people first think that happiness consists in experiencing pleasure: good food, all the comforts that money can buy. We imagine the satisfaction of traveling to exciting places or being surrounded by expensive devices. If we cannot afford those goals, then we are happy to settle for a quiet evening in front of the television set with a drink close by.
Pleasure is a feeling of contentment that one achieves whenever expectations set by biological programs or by social conditioning have been met. The taste of food when we are hungry is pleasant because it reduces a physiological (生理的) imbalance. Resting in the evening while passively absorbing information from TV, with alcohol or drugs to dull the mind overexcited by the demands of work, is pleasantly relaxing. Traveling to Acapulco is pleasant because the exciting novelty (新奇) restores our sensations (感觉) exhausted by the repetitive routines of everyday life.
When people think further about what makes their lives rewarding, they tend to move beyond pleasant memories and begin to remember other events, other experiences that overlap(重叠) with pleasurable ones but fall into a category that deserves a separate name: enjoyment. Enjoyable events occur when a person has not only met some expectation or satisfied a need or a desire but also gone beyond what he or she has been programmed to do and achieved something unexpected, perhaps something even unimagined before.
Enjoyment is characterized by this forward movement: by a sense of novelty, of accomplishment. Playing a close game of tennis that stretches one's ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that reveals things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn't know we had. Closing a contested business deal, or any piece of work well done, is enjoyable. None of these experiences may be particularly pleasurable at the time they are taking place, but afterward we think back on them and say, “That really was fun” and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, that our self has grown: in some respect, we have become more complex as a result of it.
Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two sensations are quite different. For instance, everybody takes pleasure in eating. To enjoy food, however, is more difficult. A gourmet (美食家) enjoys eating, as does anyone who pays enough attention to a meal so as to discriminate the various sensations provided by it. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any investment of psychic energy, whereas enjoyment happens only as a result of unusual investments of attention. A person can feel pleasure without any effort, but it is impossible to enjoy a tennis game, a book, or a conversation unless attention is fully concentrated on the activity.
Pleasure and Enjoyment
Main contents | Detailed information |
Pleasure | Pleasure is a feeling that one achieves what one has on a biological or social level. Things like good food, exciting travelling and a quiet rest can ring one pleasure because they can help restore one's physiological balance, reduce one's heavypressure and save one from boredom. |
Enjoyment | Enjoyment from the achievement of something unexpected or even unimagined before. Enjoyment a sense of novelty and accomplishment such as a close tennis game, a valuable book and a conversation productive of ideas. |
Pleasure is often related to the comforts that money can buy, while enjoyment, more linked to one's inner world, makes one feel rewarded and changed for the. While some experiences give both pleasure and enjoyment, some enjoyable ones are not pleasurable when taking place but bring wonderful feelings. Pleasure requires nowhile enjoyment can never be achieve without the investment of the full of attention. | |
Conclusion | Enjoyment is a level of pleasure and the two differ from each other in several aspects. |
Less is more. This is why we say: reduce things by half instead of doubling them, relax instead of stressing, and slow down instead of speeding up. Apply these principles(原则) in your everyday life. You will then find yourself well along on your journey to simplification.
Separate Your Actions
When you concentrate on one task, you find you have energy that you didn't even know you had. Just imagine: you have to carry two heavy pigs over 100 yards. If you carry two, it will take forever. But if you tie one pig in a place, pick up the other, gather all your strength and make a dash for the finish line, pause for a moment, run back and get the other one, and carry the second pig to the finish line, then you can be sure of success.
Say “No” Firmly
If you have the feeling that 24 hours per day are not enough for all the things you need to do, then it's not because the day has too few hours, but because you have too many activities. The solution is equally simple: say no to accept so much work in your private life or your working life.
Allow Yourself to Be Weak
“I can deal with stress” is regarded as a positive statement in the world of work. People who can deal with stress are given more and more to — until one day they break.
Pay careful attention to the signs that tell you that you are under more stress than you can deal with. If you become ill, or your work efficiency decreases, change your life goals. Say quite openly, “I can't manage that.”
Stop Expecting Everything to Be Perfect
“If only I were slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever, then I would be happier.” This is a dream that makes a lot of people ill, and unhappy. Life is imperfect. Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life.
Of course there are activities in which errors are dangerous: driving a car; crossing the road. But life doesn't entirely have these things. In among them there is possibility that you may make small and large mistakes.
Escape Now and Then
Successful people all have their own places where they can be left alone in order to work. Find out which places improve your creativity. For me it's the train. When I know that I'm going to be traveling for four hours without phone calls or people knocking on my door, I find my mind is free and I can read or write articles.
How to {#blank#}1{#/blank#} your life | |
Theme | Less is more, which helps you {#blank#}2{#/blank#} a simpler life. |
{#blank#}3{#/blank#} to apply | Concentrate on one task, and you will find you are more {#blank#}4{#/blank#} than you know and achieve {#blank#}5{#/blank#} more easily. |
{#blank#}6{#/blank#} to accept too much work in your life. | |
Change life goals if you are under more stress than you can {#blank#}7{#/blank#}. | |
{#blank#}8{#/blank#} yourself to make mistakes since life is not perfect. {#blank#}9{#/blank#}, you will be unhappy. | |
Find out where you can be left {#blank#}10{#/blank#} to improve your creativity. |
Unless you're one of the lucky few who already know what their passion is and what they really enjoy, you will be spending a lot of time trying new things and figuring out what you're good' at and what you like. Don't be afraid to try new things and fail in them; failing builds character. You have a lot of growing up to do in your 20s, a lot of self-examination and exploration. Use this time wisely to get to understand yourself as best as you can — not that you won't change as you continue to get older, but it's definitely a time of discovery, getting to know yourself and what you want in this world and what you have to contribute in the world.
Life is about change; don't go against it and just go with it. Learn from your mistakes and grow. Let go of things you can't change. Sometimes change will be so painful that you will want to tear your heart out, but you'll be okay if you just hang on and know that no matter what happens, you will be alright. Win, lose or draw, life will go on and you'll get another chance to start your life over if things haven't gone according to your plan.
Nothing lasts forever. Enjoy every moment that you have. Enjoy life and practice being present at the moment because time goes by extremely fast. There will be both good and bad times. The bad thing about ups is that there are always downs. It's important to really enjoy the good moments in life because you'll need those memories to reflect back on when the bad times come. The first 10 years after high school go by at a really high speed and before you know it you're 28 and wondering how the time has escaped you.
Choosing a life partner is hard. Relationships in general are hard, not just romantic ones but friendships, and family relations as well. Stay in touch with people who you really care about and who really care about you. Make an effort to stay an active person in their life if you really care. You will not have as many close friends as you get older and you will probably lose some friends as well. Remember that it is okay because not everyone who comes into your life is meant to stay forever; let them go and try their best to love the people who are still in your life.
Happiness, love and confidence come from within. Life is what you make of it and what you put into it. You can create whatever life you want, and if you create that life and it doesn't work for you any more, guess what? You can create a whole new life that does work. You may not have a choice in things that happen to you but you have a choice in how you react—to them. Try to stay positive no matter what life throws at you and get through the tough times by talking to friends, family and an adviser if you need to.
Things nobody tells you while you grow up | |
You're going to spend a lot of time {#blank#}1{#/blank#} things. | • Try new things and fail in them with no {#blank#}2{#/blank#} because failing builds character. • Use your 20s wisely to know yourself as best as you can. |
Assume change will come. | • Don't {#blank#}3{#/blank#} change. • Another change will come to {#blank#}4{#/blank#} your life if things haven't gone according to your plan. |
Time is a {#blank#}5{#/blank#} resource. | • Make an enjoyment of every moment because time {#blank#}6{#/blank#} • Good memories help you go {#blank#}7{#/blank#} bad times. |
Relationships don't come easy. | • {#blank#}8{#/blank#} people who you really care about and who really care about you. O Let someone go' and love those who {#blank#}9{#/blank#} |
You get what you put in | • Choose the way you react whatever happens to you. • Stay positive and turn to others if {#blank#}10{#/blank#} |
China is expected to see a record high number of college graduates in 2018 as around 8.2 million students will obtain their degree this year, according to the latest statistics from Ministry of Education. The number of college graduates in China has been rising since 2001, which leads to a more competitive employment market.
However, besides fierce competition, many graduates admit that they face another big problem-employment discrimination. A research in 2017 shows that around 75.7 percent of new graduates said they were, to some extent, discriminated or suffered from injustice when finding jobs.
Female college graduates still face great wall of discrimination in the employment market. “Males only”, “Married with children preferred”: These are some of the conditions commonly found in recruitment (招募) advertisements. According to a research by Renmin University of China in 2015, male college graduates do have more interview opportunities than female college graduates despite the similar academic background and work experience.
Regional discrimination also becomes a barrier for job seekers. Some companies dismiss job seekers from specific regions due to the regional stereotypes (成见), like “Central China's Henan Province is the cradle of liars” and “people from Northeast region are usually rude.”
Recruitment advertisements sometimes also show favor for local applicants. Non-locals had been denied jobs because their registered residence origin was not the same as the city where they were hunting for a job.
Apart from “invisible thresholds (门槛)” like gender and region, college graduates in recent years were disappointed to find that personal details like superstitions (迷信) about blood type, zodiac, and facial structure were all part of the decision-making process by some potential employers.
An applicant's surname can also help or hamper (妨碍) job prospects. A family name that suggests prosperity, like Jin, which means “gold”; while a last name like Pei, which can mean “to lose money”, would likely be negative. Besides, job seekers also found that some employers paid much attention to their appearance rather than the working performance.
To fight against employment discrimination, both the government and society have made great efforts. In 2007, Employment Promotion Law was passed with the purpose of apposing employment discrimination and promoting justice in job recruitment.
The Ministry of Education in 2017 issued regulations to ban work discrimination in on-campus job fairs. This year, several cities, bureau of human resources required job fair organizers to set special reception desks so as to deal with job seekers, complaints about discrimination.
Non-profit organizations were established to oppose work discrimination, while legal aids were also provided to job seekers through social media platforms like Weibo and WeChat.
Employment Discrimination | |
Current{#blank#}1{#/blank#} | In addition to fierce competition, employment discrimination is another big problem {#blank#}2{#/blank#} many graduates. |
Forms of employment discrimination | Gender discrimination: Male college graduates are more {#blank#}3{#/blank#} to land a job than their female counterparts in spite of the similar educational qualifications and relevant job experience. |
Regional discrimination: • {#blank#}4{#/blank#}from specific regions like Central China's Henan Province and Northeast region are excluded from some companies. • Local registered residence origin is a{#blank#}5{#/blank#} factor in finding a job. | |
Visible thresholds: Greater {#blank#}6{#/blank#} is attached to personal details and appearance in {#blank#}7{#/blank#} with the working performance. | |
{#blank#}8{#/blank#} made to fight against employment discrimination | • Passing laws to{#blank#}9{#/blank#} to work discrimination and promote justice in job recruitment; • Issuing regulations to ban employment discrimination in on-campus job fairs; • Setting special reception desks to {#blank#}10{#/blank#} job seekers' complaints; • Establishing non-profit organizations to provide legal aids to job seekers through social media platforms. |
试题篮