题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
北京市第四中学2017-2018学年高二下学期英语第一次月考试卷
Good jobs for Sports
If sports are something that appeals to you, it stands to reason that you would do well in them. Here are some tips that can help you become a good player.
Set ambitious but realistic goals. If you want to be great at sports, you need to set your aims high.Instead, you should take a look at what you are, and figure out where you think you would like to be. Give yourself a suitable amount of time to achieve that goal.
Be patientImpatient athletes tend to make poor ones. If you're not patient, you'll try to jump into advanced techniques long before you're ready. You'll feel discouraged when you don't see immediate improvement.
Join a sports team. Most of the sports teams are free to join. If you go to school, you should go for team tryouts when they're happening
Accept criticism(批评).When you play sports, you will unavoidably receive criticism, whether from a coach or other playersAre they angry because you missed a pass, or do they sincerely want to help you improve? In a lot of cases, you can use criticism as motivation to get better.
A skill become mastered when you're able to do it without thinking. Given enough time and practice, a skill will eventually fall under this category. When in a game, you won't have time to think everything through, so practice until it's all automatic.
A. You also need to be clear about what you are good at.
B. Practice until your skills become second nature.
C. If you're not in school, you can find a sports club online.
D. This does not mean being unrealistic.
E. Skills are often slow to build.
F. You need to take most of it with a grain of salt.
G. An important reason people join sports teams is to make friends.
We all believe we listen well and yet many times we feel others are not listening to us. However, listening goes in both directions—you may believe you are listening well, but how often have you completely forgotten what was said to you? {#blank#}1{#/blank#}
Make eye contact.
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} when People talk, they put out visual clues that add to the conversation and meaning of their words.
Stop talking.
You can't listen, talk and at the same time completely receive the meaning of the other person's words. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}
React without words.
Let the other person know you are listening through physical reactions, such as head nods, smiles, frowns and eye movement.{#blank#}4{#/blank#}
Concentrate.
Concentrate on what the other person is saying. Clear your mind of other thoughts and emotions and focus on the conversation at hand. Be in the moment of that conversation, and don't think about what you want to say back.
{#blank#}5{#/blank#}
Behave as an effective listener. The more you continue to behave as a listener, the more you will be an effective listener.
A. Don't break in. B. Act as a listener. C. How to say back is also important. D. Make eye contact with the person who is talking to you. E. There are a few ways to become a more effective listener. F. Wait your turn and take in what has been said to you before you make a reply. G. These may also help to let the speaker know whether you are accurately (准确地) understanding his words. |
Sometimes we can get so caught up in the stress and worry of our personal lives that our minds become too confused to operate effectively.This is especially dangerous in a test-taking situation.After hours of reading and studying,our brains can lock up in a state of overload.
In a stressful situation it's often a must to clear your mind completely to allow your brain to refresh itself and recalibrate all of its functions.But when you're tense,clearing your mind isn't so easy!Try this relaxation technique if you think your brain has seized up from information overload.
⒈Set aside at least five minutes for quiet "clearing" time.If you're at school,see if you can put your head down somewhere or find an empty room or quiet space.If necessary,set a watch (or phone) alarm or ask a friend to tap you on the shoulder at a designated time.
⒉Think of a time or place that puts you into a complete state of peace.This place will vary from person to person.Have you ever sat on the beach watching the waves come in and realized you've "zoned out" fora while?This is the sort of experience you're looking for.Other experiences that make us zone out could be: Sitting in the dark and staring at Christmas tree lights—remember how peaceful that feels?
⒊Cover your eyes and go to your "place".If you are at school preparing for a test before class,you may simply rest your elbows on the desk and put your hands over your eyes.For some people,it may not be a good idea to put your head down.(You might fall asleep!)
Don't let any thoughts creep into your head.As soon as you start to think about a test problem,clear away the thought and concentrate on your peaceful place.
⒋Snap out of it!Remember,this is not nap time.The point here is to refresh your brain.After five or ten minutes of clearing time,take a brisk walk or take a drink of water to re-energize your mind and body.Stay relaxed and resist the urge to think about the things that are stressing you out or clogging your brain.Don't let your brain go back to freeze-out.
Now go on with your test or study session refreshed and ready!
Title: How to clear your mind to stay relaxed? | |
Present situation | ●We are stuck in stress and worried about our personal lives,stopping our brains working{#blank#}1{#/blank#}. ●If you feel stressed,it's often{#blank#}2{#/blank#}to clear your mind to leave your brain refreshed. |
{#blank#}3{#/blank#}to clearing your mind | ⒈Set aside at least five minutes for quiet "clearing" time. ●When at school,see if you can put your head down somewhere or stay in a quiet space. ●If necessary,set a watch (or phone) alarm or ask a friend to tap you on the shoulder at a designated time. |
⒉Think of a time or place allowing you to feel completely{#blank#}4{#/blank#}. ●This place will vary from person to person. | |
⒊{#blank#}5{#/blank#}your eyes and go to your "place". ●When making{#blank#}6{#/blank#}for a test at school,you could cover your eyes with your hands to have a rest. ●If you put your head down,you will fall{#blank#}7{#/blank#}. ●Make sure not to be{#blank#}8{#/blank#}by any thoughts and concentrate on your place. | |
⒋Snap out of it! ●Clearing time does not{#blank#}9{#/blank#}nap time. ●Stay relaxed and avoid the things that made you stressed out. | |
Conclusion | It's time you{#blank#}10{#/blank#}your test or study session refreshed and ready! |
注意:每空一词。
A recent study points out a so-called “gender-equality paradox(性别平等悖论)”: there are more women in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) in countries with lower gender equality. Why do women make up 40 percent of engineering majors in Jordan, but only 34 percent in Sweden and 19 percent in the U.S.? The researchers suggest that women are just less interested in STEM, and when liberal Western countries let them choose freely, they freely choose different fields.
We disagree.
From cradle to classroom, a wealth of research shows that the environment has a major influence on girls' interest and ability in math and science. Early in school, teachers, unconscious prejudice push girls away from STEM. By their preteen years, girls outperform boys in science class and report equal interest in the subject, but parents think that science is harder and less interesting for their daughters than their sons, and these misunderstandings predict their children's career choices.
Later in life, women get less credit than men for the same math performance. When female STEM majors write to potential PhD advisors, they are less likely to get a response. When STEM professors review applications for research positions, they are less likely to hire “Jennifer” than “John,” even when both applications are otherwise identical—and if they do hire “Jennifer,” they pay her $4,000 less.
These findings make it clear that women in Western countries are not freely expressing their lack of “interest” in STEM. In fact, cultural attitudes and discrimination are shaping women's interests in a way that is anything but free, even in otherwise free countries.
“Gender-equality paradox” research misses those social factors because it relies on a broad measure of equality called the Gender Gap Index (GGI), which tracks indicators such as wage difference, government representation and health outcomes. These are important markers of progress, but if we want to explain something as complicated as gender representation in STEM, we have to look into people's heads.
Fortunately, we have ways to do that. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a well-validated tool for measuring how tightly two concepts are tied together in people's minds. The psychologist Brian Nosek and his colleagues analyzed over 500,000 responses to a version of the IAT that measures mental associations between men/women and science, and compared results from 34 countries. Across the world, people associated science more strongly with men than with women.
But surprisingly, these gendered associations were stronger in supposedly egalitarian (主张平等的) Sweden than they were in the U.S., and the most pro-female scores came from Jordan. We re-analyzed the study's data and found that the GGI's assessment of overall gender equality of a country has nothing to do with that country's scores on the science IAT.
That means the GGI fails to account for cultural attitudes toward women in science and the complicated mix of history and culture that forms those attitudes.
Comparison | A recent study | The author's idea |
Opinions | “Gender-equality paradox” {#blank#}1{#/blank#} from the personal reason that women are less interested in STEM. | The environment including cultural attitudes and discrimination is {#blank#}2{#/blank#} women's interests. |
Facts | {#blank#}3{#/blank#} with Jordan and Sweden, America had the least percentage of women majoring in engineering. | • Early in school: Girls perform {#blank#}4{#/blank#} than boys in science. • Later in life: Female STEM majors are more likely to be {#blank#}5{#/blank#} by potential PhD advisors. |
Tools | It is {#blank#}6{#/blank#} on GGI. | IAT {#blank#}7{#/blank#} how tightly two concepts are tied together in people's minds. |
Findings | Women in liberal Western countries tend to {#blank#}8{#/blank#} STEM. | • The GGFs assessment of overall gender equality is not {#blank#}9{#/blank#} to that country's scores on the science IAT. • The GGI can't {#blank#}10{#/blank#} people's cultural attitudes towards women in science, which are formed by a mix of history and culture. |
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